Benzoic acid, poly synthesis

Alva K, Marx KA, Kumar J et al (1996) Biochemical synthesis of water soluble polyanilines poly(p-Amino Benzoic Acid). Macromol Rapid Commun 17 859-863... 

Catalysis of the synthesis of benzoic anhydride and the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride, diphenyl phosphorochloridate (DPPC), and benzoic isobutyric anhydride in dichloromethane-water suspensions by water-insoluble silanes and siloxanes, 3- and 4-trimethylsilylpyridine 1-oxide (3b and 3c, respectively), 1,3-bis(l-oxypyridin-3-yl)-l,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (4), and poly[methyl(l-oxypyridin-3-yl)-siloxane] (5) was compared with catalysis in the same systems by water-soluble pyridine 1-oxide (3a) and poly(4-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) (6). All catalysts were effective for anhydride synthesis and promoted the disproportionation of benzoic isobutyric anhydride. Hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride gave benzoic anhydride in high yield ( 80%) for all catalysts except 3a, which gave mixtures of anhydride (52%) and benzoic acid (39%). The order of catalytic activity for DPPC hydrolysis was 5 > 4 > 3b > 3a > 3c > 6. The results suggest that hydrophobic binding between catalyst and lipophilic substrate plays an important role in these processes. 

Kricheldorf has reported the synthesis of lyotropic poly(amide-imide)s and poly(benzoxazole-amide)s. These were prepared by the polycondensation of N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-p-phenylenediamine or N,AT -bis(trimethylsilyl)-3,3 -dim-ethylbenzidine with the diacyl chloride of trimellitimide of p-aminobenzoic acid, or the imide formed from p-amino benzoic acid and terephthalic acid. Lyotropic behaviour was observed in cone, sulphuric acid solution [38]. A series of thermotropic poly(imide-amide)s was prepared based on trimellitimides formed from trimellitic anhydride and an a, -bis(4-aminophenoxy) alkane with carbon chain lengths 9-12. Melting points were in the range 250-300 °C. They formed smectic A phases and tended to degrade around the isotropisation temperatures (around 350 °C). Pendant methyl groups or occupied meta- groups tended to prevent mesophase formation [39]. Novel LC poly(imide-amides) have also been synthesised from new diamine spacers derived from linear diaminoalkanes and 4-nitrophthalic anhydride. A smectic and nematic phase were observed when 4,4 -biphenyl dicarboxylic acid was used as co-monomer [40]. 

Furthermore, LCEs have been prepared by block copolymerization and hydrogen bonds (Cui et al., 2004 Li et al., 2004). Li et al. (2004) proposed a musclelike material with a lamellar structure based on a nematic triblock copolymer (Components 8a-c, Fig. 3.10). The material consists of a repeated series of nematic (N) polymer blocks and conventional rubber (R) blocks. The synthesis of block copolymers with well-defined structures and narrow molecular-weight distributions is a crucial step in the production of artificial muscle based on triblock elastomers. Talroze and coworkers studied the structure and the alignment behavior of LC networks stabilized by hydrogen bonds under mechanical stress (Shandryuk et al., 2003). They synthesized poly[4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoic acid], which... 

Additives An advantage of organocatalytic ROP of lactide is that the synthesis is not oxygen sensitive. However, the reagents and solvents have to be extremely dry, since every water molecule initiates and deactivates/reacts with the catalysts, e.g. the strong bases. The initiation of poly(lactic acid) homopolymer by water is especially unwanted when polymerizing well-defined copolymers using a macroinitiator. Acids such as benzoic acid are used for a rapid termination of the polymerization. Chloroform and dichloromethane are commonly used as solvents, since lactide is easily dissolved in these solvents. Chloroform stabilized with amylenes rather than with ethanol should be used. 

Anthranilic acid (o-amino benzoic acid) is an important monomer for the synthesis of carboxylic acid group-substituted PANI (Fig. 6.15). Studies on the synthesis of poly(anthranilic acid) (PANA) from an aqueous acidic solution are scarcely reported in the literature, probably because of difficulty in synthesis, poor yield, and brittle nature of the film due to presence of an electron-withdrawing carboxylic group. PANA reveals high solubility in an aqueous solution of NaOH or NMP. Similar to poly(metanilic acid), PANA exhibits electrochemical activity over a wide pH range in aqueous solutions owing to the substitution of the carboxylic acid group. 

Faghihi, K., M. Shabanian, and N. Bolhasani. 2012. Synthesis and preparation of new reinforced montmorillonite poly (amides-imides) based on n-trimellitimido-4-amino benzoic acid. High Temperature Materials and Processes 30 (6) (January). doi 10.1515/htmp.2011.113. http // www.degmyter.eom/viewi5/httnp.201130.issue-6/htmp.2011.113/htmp.2011.113.xml. 

Complete controlled of condensation polymerization by substituent effect-assisted CGCP was first demonstrated in the synthesis of N-alkylated poly(p-benzamide)s by polymerization of 4-(alkylamino)benzoic acid phenyl esters 14 [20]. Polymerization of phenyl 4-(octylamino)benzoate (14a) was carried out in the presence of a base and the initiator 15a, yielding poly(p-benzamide) with a low polydispersity and controlled molecular weight based on the feed ration of 14 to 15a ([14]o/[15a]o) (Scheme 11). 

Recently, we succeeded on the synthesis of ordered(-abcd-) poly(amide-thioether) by poly(addition-direct condensation) of a pair of two nonsynunetric monomers, 4-(actyloxy)benzoic acid (XabX) and 4-aminobenzenethiol (YcdY), where a polyaddtion was combined with a polycondensation to prepare the ordered polymer (4). Because, the selective amidation of carboxylic acids would be difficult using condensing agents due to the small difference of pKa values between carboxylic acids. An active ester is also useful as a substitute for a carboxylic acid component. 

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