Modularization

The modularization of the course in 2009 also had the added advantage of simplifying what was a complex programme of individually assessed units, including the replacement of one of the formal examinations with assessed coursework assignments. Continual assessment throughout the 

Alternative Reaction Media Catalysis for Green Chemistry 

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Chemical Engineering and Clean Technology 

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One method of sampling reservoir fluids and taking formation pressures under reservoir conditions in open hole is by using a wireline formation tester. A number of wireline logging companies provide such a tool under the names such as RFT (repeat formation tester) and FMT (formation multi tester), so called because they can take a series of pressure samples in the same logging run. A newer version of the tool is called a modular dynamic tester or MDT (Schlumberger tool), shown in Figure 3.8. 

Modularity problems the instrument includes many different boards which are very well made for standard applications, but it is sometimes diffieult to set up a new type of examination. For example use of multiple probe, or multi-elements probes. 

The modular design concept allows quick adoption of the tubes to changing radiation specifications. 

The LPI process with its great variety of processes required the QAP to be developped in a modular way and its functions have always to be adapted to the special equipment. 

As already said before the QAP for LPI systems has been developped on a modular basis and can vary with the composition of the LPl system given by the specific inspection process. 

The PSP-4 includes an interface for scanners, designed for use with the modular scanner concept developed at FORCE Institute. The system supports scanners ranging from simple X-Y scanners to complex scanners, and multi axes robots. 

Those requirements in combination with the demand for a flexible and service friendly scarmer system lead to the development of the new, modular scanner system. 

MODULAR SCANNER SYSTEM System Component Description. 

Figure 2 Examples of modules in the modular seaimer system...

The following section presents three examples of NDE scanners build from modular searmer components. 

A modular scanner system for NDE has been developed. It consists of a selection of individual electronics and motor module components, supported by scanner configuration and control software. The modules are used as standard building blocks for construction of job specific, dedicated scanners as well and general purpose scanners. The use of modular scanner components significantly reduce the work, time and cost not only for the design and manufacture but also for establishing documentation and ensure compliance with the relevant EU-directive requirements. 

The Advanced Inspection Robot - AIR-1 is a portable (weight approx. 25 kg.) 6-axis articulated elbow type robot manipulator with 6 degrees of freedom. It is build from standard motor and control module components from FORCE Institutes Modular Scanner System and is controlled from within the UltraSlM/UlScan graphical generic robot control application. 

A very pedagogical, highly readable introduction to quasi-Newton optimization methods. It includes a modular system of algoritlnns in pseudo-code which should be easy to translate to popular progrannning languages like C or Fortran. 

Fig. 3. NAMD 1 employs a modular, object-oriented design in which patches communicate via an encapsulated communication subsystem. Every patch owns an integrator and a complete set of force objects for bonded (BondForce), nonbonded (ElectForce), and full electrostatic (DPMTA) calculations.

Some of the stand-alone programs mentioned above have an integrated modular 3D visualization application (e.g., ChemWindow —> SymApps, ChemSketch —> ACD/3D Viewer, ChemDraw —> Chem3D). These relatively simple viewers mostly generate the 3D geometries by force-field calculations. The basic visualization and manipulation features are also provided. Therefore, the molecular models can be visualized in various display styles, colors, shades, etc. and are scalable, movable and rotatable on the screen. 

Modified starch Modified starches Modifiers Modularity Modulation contrast Modulation doped FETs Module designs Mogadon... 

Mechanical Aerators. Mechanical aerators are modular ia design and built usiag electric motors. This type of aerator is also known as a surface splasher because it pumps water vertically iato the air. During this process the water is broken up iato small droplets allowiag exchange of oxygen from the air to the water. One type of mechanical aerator is shown ia Figure 3e. 

Heat/Solvent Recovery. The primary appHcation of heat pipes in the chemical industry is for combustion air preheat on various types of process furnaces which simultaneously increases furnace efficiency and throughput and conserves fuel. Advantages include modular design, isothermal tube temperature eliminating cold corner corrosion, high thermal effectiveness, high reHabiHty and options for removable tubes, alternative materials and arrangements, and replacement or add-on sections for increased performance (see Furnaces, fuel-FIREd). 

Specialized equipment for industrial measurements and automatic control have been developed (18) (see Process control). In general, the pH of an industrial process need not be controlled with great accuracy. Consequendy, frequent standardization of the cell assembly may be uimecessary. On the other hand, the ambient conditions, eg, temperature and humidity, under which the industrial control measurements are made, may be such that the pH meter must be much more robust than those intended for laboratory use. To avoid costiy downtime for repairs, pH instmments may be constmcted of modular units, permitting rapid removal and replacement of a defective subssembly. 

MDL Information Systems, Inc. MDL provides modular software systems for managing chemical information, as weU as related molecular and reaction databases for use with the software. MDL s database management programs, MACCS-II and REACCS, provide access to compound and reaction databases and also have the capabiHty to manage user-created databases (37). Although MDL is not considered to be an on-line database vendor, it is mentioned here because of the value of its information products and services to the chemical industry. 

Modularity. Modularity requires that designs be divided into physically and functionally distinct units to faciUtate removal and replacement. Modularity allows design of components as removable and replaceable units for minimum downtime. 

Product standards may stipulate performance characteristics, dimensions, quaUty factors, methods of measurement, and tolerances and safety, health, and environmental protection specifications. These are introduced principally to provide for interchangeabiUty and reduction of variety. The latter procedure is referred to as rationalization of the product offering, ie, designation of sizes, ratings, etc, for the attribute range covered and the steps within the range. The designated steps may foUow a modular format or a preferred number sequence. 

In the United States, laws passed since the late 1970s have encouraged the development of cogeneration plants and independent power plants developed by nonutiHty power producers. Combustion-turbine-based faciHties have become extremely popular among nonutiHty power plant developers. Among the many reasons for selecting this technology is the abiHty to develop compact, modular, combustion-turbine-based power plants within one or two years. 

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