Manifold modular

NeSSI s driver is to simplify and standardize sample system design. There is also a huge opportunity to adapt the emerging class of lab-on-a-chip sensors to a miniature/modular smart manifold which could fundamentally change the way in which industry does process analysis. 

As indicated by the title of this section, the manufacturers of such plants attempt to make them flexible for different applications by using a modular concept. Often, the basic unit consists of a condenser, a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge, to which various drying systems can be added e. g. manifolds for flasks, ampoules or vials, baseplates with belljars or small chambers with temperature-controlled shelves. The following qualities could be important in selecting the most suitable laboratory plant ... 

Manifolds and Modular Forms, Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1992. 

Built-in diagnostics capabihties, such as a run log for status information and modular pneumatic manifolds, inlets and detectors, reduce system maintenance and improve uptime. 

Figure 1. The MHHP modular sorber diagram 1 - tubular case of the hydride module 2 -corrugated heat-conducting insert 3 - hydrogen ceramic collector-filter 4 - metal hydride 5 - tip of a metal hydride bed 6 - hydrogen manifold 7 - spacer plate 8 - heat exchanger shroud 9 - union 10 - flange-cover of a heat exchanger. Heat exchanger thermal insulation is not shown conditionally.

Coextrusion produces multilayer laminates in a single process step. Two or more extruders feed different molten polymers into a multi-manifold die which layers them directly, or into a modular feedblock which layers them before feeding them into the die. This is used primarily in the packaging field, to sandwich an impermeable barrier layer between two commodity outer-film layers, and often includes adhesive tie layers to bond the barrier layer to the outer layers. 

The problem of ohmic drops by diaphragms has been studied for a long time. A laboratory scale diaphragm-less water electrolyzer was developed for hydrogen production at large pressures of up to 140 kPa by electrolysis in an alkaline solution. Porous electrodes with a nickel catalyst and a copper cover layer serve as cathodes, whereas nickel sheets are used as anodes. Modular construction of the electrolyzer permits simple combination of its cells into larger units. Thus, up to 20 cells with diskshaped electrodes of 7 cm in diameter were connected in series and provided with electrolyte manifolds, automatic pressure, and electrolyte level control devices. The dimensions of the electrolyte manifolds were optimized based on the calculations of parasitic currents [50],... 

Other attractive features relate to the possibility of designing modular flow systems, and this aspect is a consequence of the high versatility associated with flow analysis. In view of the flexible design of the flow manifold and the high versatility of the flow system, several approaches for sample handling have been proposed, as discussed in Chapters 7 and 8. 

Figure Z2- Modular FIA system (Eppendorf)- The system consists of a sampler, selector, four-channel pump, sample injector, reaction system manifold), master module (detector, controller for data processing, and master system control) (by permission of Eppendorf, Hamburg, Cer-many).

Improvements have been made to the anode and cathode design and fabrication techniques, as well as to the gasket and manifold materials. These have resulted in a uniform current distribution across the active membrane area and increased internal circulation. In addition, the use of modular bipolar paks with the use of only eight bolts reduces cell renewal time. 

Currently, manifold technologies and tools are offered to foster modular design ... 

Directional Valves—Modular packages or manifold style are preferred. 

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