Databases on-line

Onions, dehydrated Onium Onium salts On-line databases On-line sampling ONO802, [64318-79-2] Onsager model Onychomycosis Onyx... 

Numeric. Researchers routinely use reported numeric measurements and data in thek work. Handbooks have been the primary source for locating this type of information, but numeric databases are now increasing in availabiUty. Advantages of searching numeric databases on-line include ease of use, dkect access to desked data, and abiUty to manipulate the information in the answer set. 

EPA. 1988c. STORET Database. On-line September 1988. U S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC U.S. EPA. 

SANSS. 1988. Structure and Nomenclature Search System,. Computer Information System (CIS). Computer database, on-line December 5, 1988. 

In accordance with good laboratory practice, information can be databased on-line or archived off-line in such a manner that allows quick and easy retrieval. Standard reports in fixed formats and ad-hoc reports in virtually any format can be easily generated either on demand or on a scheduled basis. 

CAS databases on-line described below allows one to search a variety of databases, including journal titles. 

Environmental Health News Databases MSDS Database (on line, tapes, disks) Occupational Health Services, Inc. 

These tests generate several Gigabytes of data that are fed into a historical database. Although most of the analysis is performed automatically, human interaction is still needed to compare current and past data. Data are stored on optical CD S s from which the historical data bank are retrieved during field inspections from a mobile unit. Each of these is equipped with a CD-jukebox linked to an analysis station. The jukebox can handle 100 CD s, enough to store all previously recorded data. A dedicated software pre-fetches the historical data and compares it on-line with the newly acquired NDT-data. It is based on fuzzy algorithms applied to signal features. 

The reaction database compiled on Biochemical Pathways can be accessed on the web and can be investigated with the retrieval system C ROL (Compound Access and Retrieval On Line) [211 that provides a variety of powerful search techniques. The Biochemical Pathways database is split into a database of chemical structures and a database of chemical reactions that can be searched independently but which have been provided with efficient crosslinks between these two databases. 

DIPPR on-line database on STN, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1992. 

The literature of chemistry and associated fields has iacreased enormously siace 1980. Kstahlishment of subspecialties and newly defined disciplines as well as iacreased research output have led to an explosion of journals, books, and on-line databases, all of which attempt to capture, record, and disseminate this plethora of knowledge (1). Tertiary reference tools ia chemistry and technology (eg, KJrk-Othmer, 4th ed.) help track the primary Hterature. Excellent references that discuss basic chemical information tools are The Titerature Matrix of Chemistry (1), Chemical Information Sources (2), and Mow to Find Chemical Information (3). 

Budgeting. These changes in the storage and retrieval of chemical information requite that Hbraries and information centers now consider not only what should be purchased but also what monies should be allocated for the purchase of information in nonprint formats such as CD-ROMs (compact disk read-only memory) and on-line databases. Coupled with this is budgeting for the cost of hardware and software to enable the rapid and cost-effective deHvery of needed information (15). The geometric increase in sources, both printed and on-line, has increased the role of information speciaHst as an expert in the deHvery of chemical information. Retrieval from increasingly diverse and complex sources becomes the paramount issue for searchers of chemical Hterature in the 1990s. 

The U.S. government, a primary sponsor of scientific and technological developments that fostered the computer and communications technologies needed by the on-line database industry, also sponsored database development projects, information usage studies, and combined computer database development—usage projects. The successors of some of these projects continue to be prominent and include DIALOG, MEDLINE, BRS, LEXIS, and the Chemical Abstracts Registry System. 

In 1981, IBM introduced a low cost PC, which provided avenues for access to on-line databases by end users. In 1986 the president of Dialog noted that, although 85% of DIALOG S customers were information speciaHsts or Hbrarians, 80% of new DIALOG accounts were estabHshed for end users (18,19). Users wanted the on-line industry to accommodate their needs and expectations, but the on-line industry did not recogni2e that the availabiHty of large amounts of on-line information would not, of itself, induce people to use the information. 

In 1982, the European Space Agency s Information Retrieval Service (ESA/IRS) introduced the ZOOM command, providing users with a mechanism to analy2e retrieved sets. In 1984, service at a baud rate of 2400 was made available by Tymnet and Telenet for pubHc access to on-line databases. In 1985, the first commercial CD-ROM drives for personal computers became available, along with the first commercial CD-ROM databases. 

Data-Star. This is Europe s leading on-line database service (39) and covers worldwide business news, financial information, market research, trade statistics, business analysis, healthcare / pharmaceuticals, chemicals / petrochemicals, chemical industry, biomedicine /life science, biotechnology, and technology, with an emphasis on Europe. It was originally formed as a joint venture among BRS, Predicasts, and Radio Suisse (the Swiss telecommunications company) (37). Data-Star offers access to about 300 bibliographic, abstract, directory, and fuU-text on-line databases, of which approximately 150 are also available on Dialog (40). 

MDL Information Systems, Inc. MDL provides modular software systems for managing chemical information, as weU as related molecular and reaction databases for use with the software. MDL s database management programs, MACCS-II and REACCS, provide access to compound and reaction databases and also have the capabiHty to manage user-created databases (37). Although MDL is not considered to be an on-line database vendor, it is mentioned here because of the value of its information products and services to the chemical industry. 

Stmcture searching and display software are host-specific. The Softon Substmcture Search System (S4) was developed by the Beilstein Institute and Softon of Graefelfing Germany (50). It is a full stmcture and substmcture searching module. The S4 is used in-house by the Beilstein Institute and is operated by DIALOG. STN uses CAS ONLINE s messenger software for on-line stmcture searching of the Beilstein on-line database (51). 

TDS UMERICA. This is another source for numeric databases (58). This company provides different on-line databases and software for chemistry, engineering, and environmental data. A summary of its databases is contained ia Table 7. 

Public On-Line D t b ses. These databases are accessible through on-line commercial services. 

CS4JSI/SND. The Canadian Scientific Numeric Database Service (CAN/ SND) is provided by the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (ClSTl), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. It contains 140,000 ir spectra of 96,000 compounds. Entries consist of peak locations and some intensities. This system is searchable on-line using the SPIR (Search Program for Infrared Spectra) (85). Table 9 summarizes the available databases in the area of spectra. 

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