Modular principle

Many biomolecules are made up of smaller units in a modular fashion, and they can be broken down into these units again. The construction of these molecules usually takes place through condensation reactions involving the removal of water. Conversely, their breakdown functions in a hydrolytic fashion—i.e., as a result of water uptake. The page opposite illustrates this modular principle using the example of an important coenzyme. 

This installation is built on the modular principle. Component output is measured by a gear counter, and there are various possibilities for programming the operating cycle of the unit. 

Further patents describe the modular principle for different screw and kneading elements threaded and clamped to a core shaft. The benefits are striking ... 

The modular principle is also frequently used in the design of the extruder screw. The screw comprises individual screw elements, which are threaded onto a shaft. The elements are positively fitted to the shaft to transmit the required torque. They are also attached together and axially clamped. The elements of a screw module are typically made of nitrided steel. Special designs are required for wear protection and corrosion protection depending on the respective requirements ... 

In all types of combi-steamers the fabric enters through an air-lock which is followed by heating-up zone at 100°C for about 15-20 min. From the extreme end of the steamer the fabric is carefully led out of the machine through the delivery airlock. The tight-strand steamer section of the combi-steamer is assembled on a modular principle. Each module generally has a fabric content of 50 meters. The problem of crease marking is also eliminated in all types of fabrics. 

The possible morphologies of the lattice fluid can thus be determined by sandwiching a hard-substrate module of volume ri riy (rt — 2) sites between two hard-substrate modules of Ux% (Wz — 1) sites. Using the modular principle in this case, we may express the grand-potential density as... 

This modular principle generally avoids double testing and spreads the financial expense of certification across all production stages involved. The components of a finished product that have already been certified will be recognised in the framework of certification processes at subsequent processing stages upon the presentation of a valid certificate and a representative sample of materials and do not require retesting on the finished product (https //www.oeko-tex.com). 

Modular principle of NSSS design is economically more effective for the reactors, in which inherent safety features to prevent severe accidents have been realized to the maximum possible extent. First of all, this is true for LOCA. To cope with such accidents, light water reactors (LWRs) need a lot of safety systems that are not necessary for SVBR-75/100. Elimination of such systems significantly simplifies the technology of assembly and construction and reduces the volume of construction for the reactor compartment. 

FIGURE 19.20 (See color insert.) The bio-nanocode and the fractal modularity principle. The letter symbols have the values specified in Table 19.1. The symbol integrates the various biomodules and collectively represents a higher order module or a bio-nanorobot. 

The entity (such as a particular biochemical compound or bioreaction) to which this datum refers. Essentially, this slot tells us which object contains this datum, and the type slot (above) gives us the specific attribute of the owner-object where this datum resides. These two slots allow a datum object to be self-contained (following the encapsulation and modularity principles). A program can manipulate a list of data objects of various types and sources without having to attach any explanatory information to them, since each datum fully knows what it is and what it refers to. 

---