Modular system advantages

The culture module greatly facilitated homogeneous distribution of seeded cells and cultivation of a large number of cells under identical conditions. In addition, the module required a smaller volume of medium than standard cell culture systems. Importantly, this modular system provides the great advantages of scalability and safety because cell processing can be performed in a closed system. Thus, the modules facilitate the production of cells that are safe for use in cell transplantation therapies. 

Another example of an fax-infrared Fourier spectrometer is the Bruker IFS 114 (cf. Fig. 50). In contrast to the Poly tec FIR 30, the Coderg FS 4000 and the Beckman FS 720, this spectrometer is a rapid-scan instrument. But the consequences of rapid and slow scanning will be discussed later. Here we shall concentrate on the optical layout. From Figs. 49 and 50, it is evident, that the interferometers are constructed as a modular system and that, by inserting some windows, the compartments of the several modules can be evacuated separately. This is of particular interest for the sample chamber. There, it is an advantage to be able to exchange samples without breaking the vacuum of the whole instrument and to have to reevacuate only the sample chamber. The different modules of the... 

Modularity It is advantageous to have a modular system, so that we can control components separately. All three techniques provide a soirrce/filter modularity, with the formant and articulatory techniques scoring better in this regard in that the glottal waveform itself is fully separable. The formant and articulatory synthesisers have further modularity, in that they allow separate control of the oral and nasal cavities. Beyond this, the formant synthesiser allows individual control of each formant, giving a final level of modularity which greatly outweighs the other techniques. 

The actual relationships defined in the system design are called the architecture. There are two extremes that are considered in system architecture, integrated and modular. Modular systems are made up of components or modules that have clear interfaces with each other, and are easily visualized as systems. Integrated products, on the other hand, appear to be a single element, with what interfaces exist being so soft and blurred as to be hard to identify. Each of these styles has its advantages. Integration allows the device to be technically more efficient. With the overall device optimized, there is no loss due to inefficiencies of connections, etc. 

The modular system is simple and flexible. Modules can be selected to suit the needs of the operator and, for example, multiple detectors can readily be incorporated in the system, as well as analytical or preparative columns. This flexibility can be an advantage when faults develop, since modifications can be made without the need to cool the columns. Little or no automation has been developed for such systems, and most use manual injection. This has advantages in that fewer problems are encountered but care is required in preparing and handling hot solutions. Considerable manipulative skill and expertise is necessary if this is to be carried out safely and without precipitating the sample. 

Advantages of the modular system of garment production (Sudarshan and Rao, 2013 Bailey, 1993)... 

Membrane processes also offer other advantages over conventional treatments. They reduce the number of unit processes in treatment systems for clarification and disinfection and increase the potential for process automation and plant compactness. Designers also thought membrane plants could be much smaller than conventional plants of the same capacity and, given their modular configuration, could be easily expanded. Additionally, these plants would produce less sludge than conventional plants because they wouldn t use such chemicals as coagulants or polymers. 

Die Fabrik auf dem Chip, Spektrum der Wissenschafi, October 2002 Miniaturization and modularization of parts of future chemical apparatus general advantages of micro flow expert opinions specialty and fine chemical applications leading position of German technology flexible manufacture large-capacity micro reactors reformers for small-capacity applications compatible and automated micro-reaction systems process-control systems temperature and pressure sensors [209]. 

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