Modular series

Principles and types of modular series have been summarized in a book by Ferraris et al. (2004). A hierarchical classification of structure has been introduced as well as the application of modularity to structure description and modelling. The order/disorder theory has been presented as fundamental to developing a systematic theory of polytypism, dealing with structures based on both ordered and disordered stacking of one or more layers. The structures of a great number of compounds (minerals, complex oxides, salts, etc.) have been described and discussed. 

It has been demonstrated [62] that nuclear synthesis can be rationalized in terms of continued a-particle (4He) addition, starting from the elementary units He (n = 2,3,4, 5), to yield the four modular series of nuclides shown in Figure 4.2. By assumption this process happens under cosmic conditions where all stable nuclides consist of protons and neutrons in the ratio Z/N = 1. The even mass number series, A = 4n and A = 4n + 2, result from the equilibrium chain reactions ... 

In support of this conjecture it is noted that the known stable nuclides divide into four modular series of mass number, A(mod4), each of which can be reconstructed by the addition of a-particles (Z/N = 1), starting from the neutron and antineutron combinations, n,nn, n, n n [62]. The scheme, like big-bang synthesis, depends on the availability of the light nuclides 2H and 4He. Unlike big-bang synthesis, all nuclides are proposed to be formed here in one equilibrium process, the only mechanism that explains periodic abundance. 

R.F. Pierret in Modular Series on Solid State Devices (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts 1983) Vol. IV, pp. 81-90... 

There are two types of Mastersizer instruments the Mastersizer Micro and the Mastersizer E, which are low cost instruments for repetitive analyses and the modular series of Mastersizer S and Mastersizer X, the ultimate in resolution and dynamic size range, which are required when samples in the form of aerosols, suspensions and dry powders need to be measured. Mastersizer X provides a selection of small size ranges using a variety of interchangeable lenses whereas the Mastersizer S provides a wider dynamic size range covered in a single measurement. For powders which are to be suspended in a solvent, emulsions, suspensions and particles in liquids there are small volume cells which require as little as 15 ml of dispersant. Where a material is either valuable or toxic the Malvern Small Volume Flow Cell, with a sample volume of 50-80 ml and full sample recovery, can be used. The X-Y sampler is a 40-sample accessory... 

Pierret, R.F. (1983) Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals, Modular Series on Solid State Device, Vol. 6, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 

Fyles et al.39 described their results concerning the transport of alkali metal cations across vesicle bilayers mediated by these ion channels mimics. The relative activities of their most active transports were comparable to valinomycin but were 2- to 20-fold less active than gramicidin. Six examples in their modular series effectively acted as channels four in this series acted as cation carriers. The range of observed transport activities, selectivities, and mechanism indicates that structural regulation of synthetic ion channel mimics is possible with this family of bolaphiles.38... 

Jaeger, R.C. Modular series on solid state devices. In Neudeck, G.W., Pierret, R.F. (eds.) Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication, vol. V. Addison-Welsley, Massachusetts (1988)... 

Palygorskite (T), and sepiolite (5) are the end members of a modular series named palysepiole (pa/ygorskite -f sepiohit) polysomatic series P S [47] kalifersite is the P Si member. Falcondoite [51] and loughlinite [52] differ from sepiolite only in the composition of the O sheet in the TOT ribbons the same situation holds for yofortierite [53] and tuperssuatsiaite [54] in comparison to palygorskite. 

MICA STRUCTURE AND POLYSOMATIC SERIES Layer silicates as members of modular series ... 

The T and O sheets occurring in the mica structure are present in all layer silicates (phyllosilicates) the entire M (TOT) mica layer is present in 2 1 layer silicates only. The description of layer silicates is often given by emphasizing different stacking of T and O sheets, even if an explicit discussion in terms of modular series is absent from the literature. 

Several types of modular series have been defined (Makovicky 1997) ... 

Scoles, K.J., Thick film and hybrid circuit design, ISHM Modular Series in Hybrid Microelectronics, Reston, VA, 1991. 

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