Modular systems, design problem

The algorithmic treatment depends on the architecture of the flowsheeting system. In Equation-Oriented mode, the approach consists of solving all the equations describing the problem simultaneously. In Sequential-Modular approach the mathematical solution must take into account the convergence of units and tear streams, as well as of all design specifications. Supplementary equations must be added, so that the general formulation of the optimisation problem (3.10) becomes ... 

To deposit geometric data with color and material qualities is not a difficult problem and can be automated if the parameters are known. Because with every CAD construction the material in use is determined, it would be relatively simple to construct a valid databank that can link VR material qualities with material or equipment. The information needed could then be extracted from this databank, in principle. The challenge is integration in a PDM system. Therefore, the data structure of the VR objects should be designed to be flexible and modular. 

Modular design is basically to decompose complex systems into simple modules in order to more efficiently organize complex designs and processes. The concept was first introduced by Star (1965), in which the use of modular product in production was proposed as a new concept to develop variety. It makes possible to modify specific modules for a new requirement without influencing the main infrastructure, so that the complex problems can be decomposed into... 

Application of the above principles and solutions in practice have come across with a problem of uncertainty with respect to achievable efficiency the latter is connected with necessity of quantification of the safety level. To evaluate and assess the achievable safety level, one has to perform the full-scale PSA in addition to deterministic principles. Common realisation of the deterministic and probabilistic analyses during the NVAES-2 design process has permitted to obtain optimal solution with respect to balance of the active and passive trains of the modular safety systems. As a result of this optimisation, total core melt frequency for NVAES-2 is about three orders of magnitude less than for unit 1 of Balakovo NPP with V-320 reactor plant. 

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