Computer modular system

The core components of a CE instrument are a power supply, a detector, and devices that allow for temperature control of the capillary and sample compartment. A wide variety of commercial CE instruments are available, from simple modular systems to fully integrated automated systems under computer control. 

Special-purpose functional units can replace existing functional units within the Advanced Flexible Processor, allowing processor capabilities to be tailored to the precise application requirements. Modular system construction allows compute power modularity thus, processing systems can be cost-effectively tailored to the users individual requirements. 

An integrated, modular system for molecular visualization and computation of organic, inorganic, peptide, and polymeric compounds. Stick, ball-and-stick, and space-filling representations. 386 and 486 PCs and Apple Macintosh II. 

An integrated, modular system for molecular visualization, computation, and 3D database creation and searching for compounds in all areas of chemistry. The base system (ChemCore, ChemModel, ChemGuide, and ChemMovie) provides for molecular building and displays, geometry and energy calcula-... 

CAMAC is an international standard for modular computer instrumentation. It specifies the electrical, mechanical, and functional characteristics of modular instruments to be plugged into a standard multi-receptacle "crate" which, in turn, can be interfaced to a minicomputer. The unique feature of CAMAC systems, as opposed to other modular systems, is that the modules not only get power from the crate but the "data-way" between the modules and the crate "controller" can carry 24-bits of data in each direction in addition to various function, address, and flag signals. The controller resides in the crate as a module and acts as an interface between the modules and a specific computer. Some of the lines in the dataway are location-specific so that a module in a given slot can be addressed by the controller. The modules (except for the controller) cannot communicate with other modules except through the controller. 

The iterative schedules given before can be easily computerized. The modular scheduling is much more complicated and involves using a rule-based expert system in the computer program, but the modular system is easy to do manually. 

At the ANS Mathematics and Computation Division s third biennial meeting in 1969, papers were presented describing four new modular systems for reactor design being implemented at that time CARONTE at the Euratom Joint Nuclear Research Center, Ispra, Italy CODNUC by the Commissariat a I Energia Atomique s Saclay and Cadarache centers in France NCCS by the Hitachi Central Research Laboratory in Japan and JOSHUA at the U.S. Savannah River Laboratory. Significantly, three of... 

These considerations led to the establishment of a Committee on Computer Code Coordination (CCCC), made up of contractor personnel, charged with recommending, and later establishing, such standardization procedures for fast reactor physics programs, particularly modular systems. The objective was to maximize the exchangeability of computer programs major recommendations of the committee as presented in their report to the ACRP in 1971 were ... 

The mathematical model of constitutional chemistry which has been described in the preceeding sections can be used as a basis for a modular system of computer programs for the deductive solution of chemical problems. 

C Computer-based systems, such as modular or compact HPLC instruments, spectrometers. 

This paper describes a modular system of computer programs called SCALE. SCALE is an acronym for standardized case analysis for licensing evaluation. The system is being developed to perform criOcality safety, radiation shielding, and heat transfer analyses of shipping casks and other equipment and facilities associated with the nuclear fuel cycle. In this paper, emi aSls is placed on the criticality safety features of I ALE mid on the use of pin-lattice critical experiments in validating the SCALE system analytical sequences and data libraries. 

The phenomena of supramolecular chemistry are particularly suitable for use in molecular computation since the dynamic and reversible interaction of a guest species with a host molecule can be viewed easily as an input applied to a device. The output from the device would be any conveniently observable property which signals the interaction. Indeed, the first experimental demonstration of molecular logic-based computation was based on a quintessential supramolecular interaction between an alkali cation and a crown ether macrocycle. However, it is now clear that most phenomena of chemistry and biochemistry can be viewed as general computational operations provided that resettability and speed are downgraded in importance. The latter two points arise since (i) irreversibly bound, but modular, systems have been involved in the conceptual development of supramolecular science and (ii) ion-molecule interactions... 

Mjaavatten, A. and Foss, B.A., A modular system for estimation and diagnosis. Computers Chemical Engineering, Volume 21, 11, 1997, 1203-1218. 

For computer based system applications, top-down decomposition, levels of abstraction and modular stracture are important concepts for coping with the problems of nnavoidable complexity. They not only allow the system developer to tackle several smaller, more manageable problems, but also allow a mote effective review by the verifier. The logic behind the system modularization and the definition of interfaces shonld be made as simple as possible (for example by applying information hiding (see Section 3.3.4 of Ref. [4])). 

Except for certain library routines used to drive the interface hardware and some system specific routines from the system library, all of the routines are written in a dialect of FORTRAN IV and they are sufficiently modular and portable to be adaptable to other combinations of computers and chromatographs. 

---