Equipment personal protective

Personal protective equipment should not be used as a substitute for engineering, work practice, or administrative controls. Personal protective equipment should be used in conjvmction with these controls to insure employee safety and health in the workplace. Personal protective equipment includes all clothing and other work accessories designed to create a barrier against workplace hazards. An example of engineering and administrative controls is the use of sound absorbing blankets in a low lift, reducing the need for ear protection. 

The basic element of any management program for personal protective equipment should be an in-depth evaluation of the equipment needed to protect against the hazards at the workplace. Management dedicated to the safety and health of employees should use that evaluation to set a standard operating procedure for personnel, then train employees on the protective limitations of personal protective equipment, and on its proper use and maintenance. 

Using personal protective equipment requires hazard awareness and training. Employees must be aware that the equipment does not eliminate the hazard. If the equipment fails, exposure will occur. To reduce the possibility of failure, equipment must be properly fitted and maintained in a clean and serviceable condition. 

Selection of the proper personal protective equipment for a job is important. Employers and employees must understand the equipment s purpose and its 

This chapter discusses the types of equipment most commonly used for protection of the head, including eyes and ears, and the torso, arms, hands, and feet. The use of equipment to protect against life-threatening hazards also is discussed. Information on respiratory protective equipment may be found in Title 29, CFR, Part 1910.134. The standard should be consulted for information on specialized equipment, such as that used by firefighters. 

Personal protective equipment (PPE) should only be used 

Persons who use personal protective equipment should know why they have to wear it and how to employ it, how to maintain and how to repair it as well as when it must be replaced. 

Which personal protective equipment must be used depends on the type of hazard and on which part of the body is to be protected. Table 5.1 gives an overview. 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes a variety of devices and garments to protect workers from injuries. You can find PPE designed to protect the eyes, face, head, ears, feet, hands and arms, and the whole body. PPE includes such items as goggles, face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, safety shoes, gloves, vests, earplugs, earmuffs, and suits for full-body protection. 

When employees must be present and engineering or administrative controls are not feasible, it will be essential to use PPE as an interim control and not a final solution. For example, safety glasses may be required in the work area. Too often, PPE usage is considered the last thing to do in the scheme of hazard control. PPE can provide added protection to the employee even when the hazard is being controlled by other means. However, there are drawbacks to the use of PPE, including 

Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be consistent with workplace hazard assessment. PPE can protect the employee against burns, absorption, abrasions, airborne hazards, punctures, or other hazards. In most cases, such equipment involves the use of gloves, goggles, laboratory coats, and protective shoes (Table 19.1). In each case, workers need to be trained regarding both the need for PPE as well as proper use. Damaged or defective PPE should never be used. 

Any laboratory or general use of chemicals Safety glasses Normal work attire (no open-toed shoes or short pants). Over-garments (laboratory coats) and/or gloves may be needed depending on situation. 

Sharp objects, glass, insertion of glass into stoppers Safety glasses Heavy cloth barrier or leather gloves. 

Temperature extremes (extremely hot or cold liquids or material) Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles Full-face shield over goggles Insulated gloves for materials over 100°C or below -1°C. 

Perhaps one of the most important PPE is protective eyewear. Prescription or loose-fitting safety glasses offer only limited protection against chemical splash. Here, goggles that are snug-fitting are preferred because these offer a measure of protection against impact and splash incidents in the laboratory. 

What we learn from protective equipment as a control strategy is the notion that there are fundamental properties of the operator which are important to risk mitigation. In fact every clinician carries with them the most important protective measures of all - knowledge and experience. In most HIT business processes the 

Finally, can personal protective equipment be used The trse of personal protective equipment should always be the last corrsideration in reducing the hazards of a job. 

The usefulness of personal protective equipment depends entirely on the worker s willingness to use it faithlully. It is always better to control the hazards of a job by administrative or engineering revisions. Personal protective equipment should only be considered as a temporary solution to protecting a worker from a hazard, or as supplemental protection to other solutions. 

Job Safety/Hazard Analysis is an accident prevention technique used in many successful safety programs. The JSA/JHA process is not drHrcirlt if it is taken with a common sense approach on a step-by-step basis. The JSA/JHAs should be reviewed often and updated with input from both supervisors and workers who do the job everyday. The implementation of the JSA/JHA process will mean continuous safety improvements at your workplace with the ultimate goal ofzero accidents. Job Safety Analysis takes a little extra effort, but the results are positive and helpful for everybody. 

There are many advantages in using JSA/JHA. They provide training to new employees on safety nrles and specific instructions on them and how the rules are to be applied to their work. This training is provided before the new employees perform the job taskfs). The JSA/JHAs also instruct new employees in safe work procedures. 

With JSA/JHAs, experienced employees can maintain safety awareness behavior and receive clear instructions for job changes or new jobs. Benefits also include updating current safety procedures and instructions for infiequently performed jobs. 

The extensive use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the semiconductor industry has been driven traditionally from the desire to protect the fab employee from the numerous chemical and physical agents in the fab environment. Another equally compelling goal is to isolate the worker from the wafer for process cleanliness reasons. The standard 

Surgical staff should wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment, which can protect from unwanted fluid splash or sharps injuries. PPE includes gloves, face masks, soak-proof gowns, impervious boots or shoe covers, face shields, and other eye protection devices. Make safety scalpels with movable shields or retracting blades available to surgeons and other operating room personnel. 

General requirements to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) are contained in the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992. However, there are specific requirements, which take precedence over these general requirements, which are contained in regulations dealing with particular hazards, namely  

These latter Regulations are considered separately elsewhere and are not covered in this section. 

In providing protection against a hazard, an employer s first priority must be to protect the workforce as a whole rather than individuals. The use of PPE should only be considered if more global methods of protection are not reasonably practicable or feasible. 

With all PPE, the supplier will advise on the most appropriate type to provide the protection needed, and may offer a choice of material, design, colour, etc. However, there are some general principles that should be followed. 

Eyes dust and grit, flying particles goggles, face shields 

This section covers the types of personal protective equipment (PPE) appropriate to various situations. PPE is not to be considered a primary defense against hazards. Direct hazard control or admmistrative and engineering controls must come first. PPE then is used to back up or supplement these primary measures. 

PPE protects the respiratory system, skin, eyes, face, hands, feet, head, body, or hearing from chemical, physical, and biological hazards. No single combination of protective clothing and equipment can protect a person from all hazards. To be effective, the selection and use of PPE must be appropriate and accompanied by adequate training. Each plant should have a PPE program which includes 

Major categories of PPE are considered below and are described in a series of tables and illustrations patterned after those issued by DHHS [10]. OSHA regulations will be foimd in the following subsections of 29CFR1910  

Information relating to PPE used in construction work is in Section 1926.28 of the same Title. 

Protective Clothing and Accessories Protective clothing includes 

Another method of control is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Personal protective equipment can consist steel-toed shoes and boots, safety glasses with side shields, ear plugs, goggles, face shields, etc. Personal protective equipment should be used only as a last resort [3]. 

One must remember that when using specific PPE, you must make sure that you comply with requirements addressing the use of specific items [3]. 

The use of PPE should be considered in conjunction with other control efforts, or when no other method or practice is available. The supervisor may examine the equipment to make sure that it is in good condition. In addition, the supervisor should see if employees are wearing the required personal protective equipment and if the equipment is being used properly [2]. For example, employees may place disposable hearing protection only partway into their ears and leave most of the plug protruding. 

Do not overlook areas outside of the production areas. Your search for common hazards and regulatory requirements or infractions should cover the entire workplace, including the office area [2]. 

One of the most common ways people understand safety is through personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is so dominant a feature of our industry that it even makes a key contribution to the social construction of the construction worker - the hard hat and yellow vest assigning identity and associated status, easily recognisable by the rest of the world. On sites, shared understandings between the workforce enable PPE to communicate even more harnesses for scaffolders and roofers, orange vests for banksmen, blue or black hard hats for foremen and supervisors. It is also by its very nature highly visible PPE is meant to be seen. 

However, this has led to a substitution of PPE for safety itself, a consequence at direct odds with accepted risk assessment philosophy. Whichever hierarchy of risk reduction is utilised, PPE is always near the bottom in terms of a risk reduction strategy, if not actually in last place. The Health and Safety Executive (2003) states that PPE should be the last resort in health and safety management, yet its visibility and prominence within the construction site environment has led to a social construction of safety so tightly interwoven with PPE that the two are rarely separated. Although PPE is certainly an artefact of safety, it is not safety itself, and it is important that this distinction should be explored to ensure it is better understood. 

PPE first appears at the gates of our sites through both text and iconography, minimum PPE requirements are emblazoned on signage with the function of ensuring compliance with basic site safety requirements, through the stimulation of immediate action from their audience. Signs often ask that  

Beyond this point the following PPE MUST be worn as a minimum. .. 

Such signs demand compliance with the site safety requirements of PPE, establishing the minimum standards required for all those working on the project, but in doing so they also set up several other considerations and shared ideas about PPE and its use in practice. 

Employers must provide PPE to all personnel with occupational exposure. Select personal protective equipment that does not permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through or reach a person s outer clothing, nndergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes. Ensure personnel wear gloves when hand contact occurs with blood or other potentially infectious 

Each human being has more than 19 square feet of surface area and breathes more than 3,000 gallons of air per day. Because chemical exposure comes through inhalation, ingestion, injection, and skin contact, protective measures have to be in place. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an effective means of protecting technicians from hazardous situations. Engineering and environmental controls provide another layer of protection. The primary purpose of PPE is to prevent exposure to hazards when engineering or environmental controls cannot be used. 

Typical outerwear worn by process technicians includes Safety hat Safety glasses Fire-retardant clothing Safety shoes Hearing protection Gloves Face shield 

Chemical monogoggles Slicker suit Radio Respirator Chemical suit 

The employee shall also know the details of the hazard conununication program developed by the employer, including an explanation of the labeling system and the material safety data sheet, and where anployees can obtain and use the appropriate information. 

Initial training must be conducted for aU employees. New anployees must be trained prior to their initial assignment. 

Employees must receive additional training whenever  

A business should determine what hazardous materials will be used and maintain a current list of kinds and amounts. The location of these materials should also be noted to aid in an emergency situation. MSDSs should be obtained and kept on hand for reference as well as employee training, in accordance with the Hazard Communication Program. 

All hazardous substances must be stored and labeled properly. All containers should be compatible with the material they contain, no matter how minute the quantity, and properly labeled to prevent accidental misuse. The NFPA Standards and 29 CFR 1910 dictate proper storage, grounding, and dispensing of hazardous materials. Dangerous chemical reactions can result if certain substances are mixed together. 

The FLS should be aware of PPE that might be made available to team members for protection against hazards. Remember from the previous section that FLSs and team members are involved with developing JSAs. 

A component of the JSA will discuss PPE that will protect the team member against known hazards. 

A typical shortcoming for PPE is that it is not used. PPE that is not used cannot provide protection. On the other hand, safety people have a tendency to want to place team members in an impervious bubble. The result is overprotection and a tendency to make the work task more dif-hcult to perform. Balance is again the key. Remember that wearing all this protection comes with a downside. K we look at hearing protection, we need to remember that we are blocking out not only noise at levels that we hnd harmful but also some noise that we might find useful. 

If we look at wearing Tyvek suits and respirators, they can do a great job of protecting workers, but they also carry some risk. PPE can be cumbersome and uncomfortable it can impede one s movements. It can be considered less than stylish, maybe even ugly by some. A respirator can impede peripheral vision, make it more difficult to breathe, and become very, very, warm. 

The ELS should provide input regarding both when PPE is needed and where downgrades or adjustments to PPE should be considered. If the ELS is focused, he or she will be able to point out areas of concern that may not be considered by the safety person or team members. One area where the ELS can really make a difference with PPE is ensuring that PPE assigned to workers is sized properly. These days, we have a tremendous differential in the sizes of our team members. Eor ease of administration, some companies have gotten into a one size fits all mode. Eor certain items, this may be okay. 

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In view of the above, aniline should be handled in areas with adequate ventilation and skin exposure should be avoided by wearing the proper safety equipment. Recommended personal protective equipment includes hard hat with brim, chemical safety goggles, hiU length face shield, mbber gaundet gloves, mbber apron, and mbber safety shoes or mbber boots worn over leather shoes. 

Included ia the OSHA regulations are standards for safe work practices such as lock-out/tag-out and confined space entry, personal protective equipment, storage of hazardous materials, welding process, forklift operation, and requirements for fire protection. Basically, all activities within a chemical facihty are covered by OSHA standards. 

Occupational Safety and Health. OSHA has set no specific limits for sodium and potassium sibcates (88). A pmdent industrial exposure standard could range from the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for inert or nuisance particulates to the PEL for sodium hydroxide, depending on the rate of dissolution and the concentration of airborne material. Material safety data sheets issued by siUcate producers should be consulted for specific handling precautions, recommended personal protective equipment, and other important safety information. 

Personal Protective Equipment. Personal protective and emergency safety equipment should not be reHed on as the primary protection from aHyl chloride. Prevention of exposure should be considered the preferred precautionary measure. Where the exposure guideline may be gready exceeded, an approved positive-pressure air suppHed or self-contained breathing apparatus with fuH facepiece should be used (51). 

Emergency response On-site communications Emergency shutdown equipment and procedures Site evacuation Safe havens Personal protective equipment Medical treatment On-site emergency plans, procedures, training, aud drills... 

Use personal protective equipment Provide sufficient bottled air/SCBA Develop emergency response procedures Develop appropriate evacuation plans... 

Sampling spills. Wear proper personal protective equipment (PPE) Follow proper sampling procedures Use safe sampling design CCPS G-22 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29 Lovelace 1979... 

Material solidifies Monitor and control temperature in feed system or is too viscous, Heat trace and/or insulate lines and plugs lines. Potential for proper line break procedures exposure while Use personal protective equipment (PPE) correcting, proper lockout-tagout and confined space problem. entry procedures CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29 Fisher 1990... 

Where product is exposed at transitions or packing operations use containment devices such as gloveboxes provide airflow control (laminar flow booths) or as a last resort use the room as containment and provide suitable personal protective equipment for the operators... 

Physical stress induced by Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). 

Where possible design process and/or restructure job/tasks to reduce need for personal protection equipment (PPE)... 

Degradation of personal protection equipment (PPE) between uses. 

A list of required and suggested personal protective equipment... 

Did any chemical used/produced m the process require use of special personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling ... 

Are material handling systems engineered and/ or personal protective equipment used to prevent physical exposure to personnel, including inhalation and skin ... 

Is required personal protective equipment easily and readily available and worn by personnel during manufacturing and packaging operations ... 

Has the toller established a comprehensive respiratory and personal protective equipment program to insure proper selection, maintenance and use of equipment ... 

The provision and use of properly selected personal protective equipment is normally regarded as back-up for the previous measures. Refer to Chapter 13. In some situations it is the only reasonably practicable measure to ensure personal safety and its use may be a legal requirement. Examples are ... 

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