EU RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES

Figure 5.3 Existing EU risk-reduction strategy process (adapted from [464-466])...

Several years later, official EU risk-reduction strategies (RRS) for DEGBE and DEGME were produced, but discussions of possible restrictions largely focussed on applications outside industrial settings relevant to France. France therefore decided to adopt much lower occupational exposure limits than those decided at the EU level, essentially banning most industrial uses of the two substances. 

The EU Risk Assessments on the four chlorophosphate flame-retardants—TCPP, TDCP, TCEP, and V-6—were recently finalized.54 57 For TCPP, TDCP, and TCEP all had some risks identified, so risk reduction strategy for each is in progress. The classification and labeling proposal is in preparation for TCPP. No risks were identified for V-6, hence this material will have no risk phrases associated with it. 

Interview questions needed to address the research questions, but were elaborated and defined after the literature review. Specifically, the questions needed to cover 10 broad topic areas relating to policy, rules, practice and experiences with official risk reduction strategy processes at national and EU levels (as described in Section 2.3.4 and defined in Appendix 2.4). These 10 topic areas were anticipated as minimising potential overlaps between interviewee reports of national and EU dimensions while being sufficiently wide to group variations in interviewee responses. 

Safe use exceptions could apply to any use that does not result in significant contributions to environmental risks resulting from specific (i.e., point) sources. Equally, safe use exceptions to risk reduction decision-making would limit the number of consumer or professional uses subject to any given risk reduction strategy. This would apply to most industrial uses of the substances reviewed under the official EU risk assessment reports. The systems framework would therefore have avoided the need first for industry to report and then for regulators to review this information. The concept of permissible uses appears particularly relevant for the use of NP and NPE in spermicides and the use of penta-BDE in aircraft emergency evacuation systems [515]. 

As a consequence, the EU Commission has recommended implementation of a risk reduction strategy, which - among other measures - foresees strict emission controls for various industrial and consumer applications of NPE as a surfactant [99]. 

Results of the Risk Evaluation and the Risk Reduction Strategies for the Substances Acetonitrile Acrylamide Acrylonitrile Acrylic acid Butadiene Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen peroxide Methacrylic acid Methyl methacrylate Toluene Trichlorobenzene. (notified under document number C(2004) 1446) (Text with EEA relevance) (2004/394/EC). Available at http //esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/doc/risk assess-ment/OJ RECOMMENDAT10N / ojrecl08883.pdf (accessed October 25,2013). 

Biocides are by their nature intrinsically toxic, in this respect any adventitious release to the environment requires an assessment of the relative risk posed. The 5th Environmental Action Plan of the EU is committed to a substantial reduction in the use of biocides. In particular, the Biocidal Products Directive (98/08/EC) is concerned with controlling biocidal products in the market place. Compliance with this directive is required from all member states by 14th May 2000. In this context, a strategy to control the release of biocides is timely, if continued protection is to be afforded to industry and consumer alike. One approach to controlling the release of biocide is to encapsulate in an inert inorganic framework, prior to incorporation in the coating.1... 

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