Minimum standards

Low Level Waste. The NRC 10CFR61 specifies the nature of the protection required for waste containers (20). Class A wastes must meet minimum standards, including no use of cardboard, wastes must be solidified, have less than 1% Hquid, and not be combustible, corrosive, or explosive. Class B wastes must meet the minimum standards but also have stabiHty, ie, these must retain size and shape under soil weight, and not be influenced by moisture or radiation. Class C wastes must be isolated from a potential inadvertent intmder, ie, one who uses unrestricted land for a home or farm. Institutional control of a disposal faciHty for 100 years after closure is requited. 

Construction Codes Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Division 1, which is part of Section T11 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), sei ves as a construction code by providing minimum standards. New editions of the code are usually issued every 3 years. Interim revisions are made semiannually in the form of addenda. Compliance with ASME Code requirements is mandatoiy in much of the United States and Canada. Originally these rules were not prepared for heat exchangers. However, the welded joint between tube sheet and shell of the fixed-tube-sheet heat exchanger is now included. A nonmandatoi y... 

An electric-drive linear-traversing sampler of minimum standard manufactured size with cutter ana controls will range upwards of 8,000. 

The technology package for the toll should have established minimum standards for the raw materials that are used in the process. In some tolling arrangements, the company letting the toll supplies some or all of the materials. Others may detail the suppliers the toller must use. 

Wherever chemicals are handled, adequate washing facilities are required conveniently situated with respect to the workplace. These comprise wash-basins or troughs with a constant supply of hot and cold or warm water soap or liquid hand cleanser clean towels or hot-air driers or disposable paper towels. Typical minimum standards are ... 

The minimum standards for health and safety are those outlined m numerous pieces of statutory legislation. These include the ... 

There are several problems with these standards for older coal-fired plants that limit a sensible NO,-reduction policy. First, they are relatively lenient. Because they require only that low-NO, burners be used at coal-fired plants, relatively inexpensive NO,-reduction technologies are not being used, because the plants already meet the minimum standards. Second, standards are established on a technology-by-technology basis, and have resulted in more lenient requirements for dirtier technologies. This has created little or no incentive to switch to cleaner processes in the past decade. Thirdly, these standards are input-based, which means they provide no incentive for efficiency within any technology category. 

As a set of minimum standards, ISO 9000 addresses the business community. It was intended for purchasers as a means for them to obtain products and services of consistent quality from their suppliers. In place of purchaser-specified general quality management requirements, ISO 9000 became the common requirement and hence eliminated the need for such requirements. As a consequence, it provides suppliers that meet its requirements with a demonstrable capability that others may not possess and hence such capability becomes a persuasive marketing tool that will increase market share. ISO 9000 was also intended for application to all types of industry and therefore did not contain requirements for any specific industry sector or type of products or services. Partially due to the scope of misinterpretation and the degree to which particular industries have common supplier requirements, certain industry sectors perceived the need for harmonizing such requirements in a form that added to those requirements in ISO 9000. 

The absolute minimum standard is compliance with all applicable codes and regulations in each jurisdiction we operate in. 

Although the source of raw materials may not be at the plant site, it is an e.xtremcly important factor in the ultimate location of the plant. Process development work and economic studies will indicate the minimum standards for raw materials selection. When these standards have been determined, all possible sources of acceptable raw materials can be located and a detailed analysis can proceed. 

Locks There is a wide variety of locks and security fittings, many with special applications. Advice from locksmiths or other security experts should be taken before deciding upon a type of lock, but, wherever practicable, only those locks that require a key to lock and unlock them should be chosen. BS 3621 establishes a useful minimum standard but is not applicable to all lock types ... 

Where pipework is welded, the minimum standard shall be up to 2 bar BS 2971 or BS 2640 above 2bar up to 5bar BS 2971 with 10 per cent of welds subjected to non-destmctive testing, or BS 2640 with inspection and 10 per cent of welds subjected to non-destmctive testing. 

This issue has been addressed by a number of groups, including the ANS Scaborg Panel. Their conclusion has been that States should be called on to meet specified minimum standards of physical security, and that their performance in doing so should be monitored by an international authority, preferably the IAEA. Unfortunately, despite the general support for the concept, effective action to implement these recommendations has not taken place. 

HACCP is one of the minimum standards that is often required in a food processing enterprise to ensure that products do not contain harmful levels of biological, physical or chemical hazards such as pathogenic microorganisms or toxins. The overall idea of HACCP is to identify specific CCPs, which are those steps in the production process where the safety of the final product can be controlled most efficiently, and then define systematic procedures for monitoring and corrective action, to ensure that the risk is controlled at each... 

Flexible optimal descriptors have been defined as specific modifications of adjacency matrix, by means of utilization of nonzero diagonal elements (Randic and Basak, 1999, 2001 Randic and Pompe, 2001a, b). These nonzero values of matrix elements change vertex degrees and consequently the values of molecular descriptors. As a rule, these modifications are aimed to change topological indices. The values of these diagonal elements must provide minimum standard error of estimation for predictive model (that is based on the flexible descriptor) of property/activity of interest. 

Chemical education was essentially in standby status once the U.S. entered World War II, in December 1941. Although the scientihc and technical achievements of the war left the U.S. with a strong sentiment in favor of expanded research and scientific education, it took several years and a boost from the space race to spur action. After the war, schools were crammed with returning veterans. In 1949, a revised set of minimum standards was sent to all U.S. institutions offering a degree in chemistry (Skolnik Reese, 1976). 

The United Kingdom Medicines Act 1968 regulations require that all medicinal products are properly labelled to certain minimum standards, but requirements vary from country to country. Clinical trial materials, however, cannot be labelled normally because if the trial is blind, nothing should reveal to the patient or physician the nature of the contents. The basic information on the label should provide the patient s name, study phase, study number, directions for use, any special warning or storage requirements, expiry date and the investigator s name and address, along with an indication that the... 

The minimum standards for the facilities in which clinical pharmacology studies should be conducted are described in ABPl guidelines. Clearly, the same standards should apply to all organisations involved in conducting studies. In the United Kingdom, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has instituted inspection of facilities and procedures, and a system of certification is in place. 

In order to provide minimum standards, certain terms are implied by law into any contract for the supply of goods or services unless they are expressly excluded. The actual terms of the agreement may exceed the minimum standards implied. For example, it would be implied by statute that services supplied in the course of a business must be carried out with reasonable care and skill and within a reasonable time. These terms may be substituted by more specific terms of agreement between the parties or by a course of dealing. 

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