Prevention accident techniques

The accident prevention techniques, such as job hazard analysis, safe operating procedures, and job safety observations, have their application to specific jobs within the workplace. In general they aim at addressing and identifying existing or potential woik-related hazards. These types of accident prevention techniques are emphasized in this book. Most books addressing accident prevention techniques usually emphasize specific job hazards and their prevention, such as fire safely and machine guarding. This particular book places only minor emphasis on specific job hazards. 

MathematicalEvaluationsforConlrolIiiigHazards, in J.Widner, (Ed.). Macon Academy Press, 1973. 

Petersen, Dan, Techniques of Safety ManagenKnt A Systems Approach (3rd edn.). Goshen Aloray Inc., 1989. 

Eidson. Handbook of OSH A Construction Safety Health. Boca Raton CRC/Lewis Publishers, 1999. 

United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Office of Training and Education. OSHA Voluntary Compliance Outreach Program Instructors Reference Manual. Des Plaines 1993. 

You must understand the culture of the work environment before you can intelligently implement any type of program aimed at the workforce. You need to know and understand the values, attitudes, and perceptions held by the workforce relevant to job safety and health. This will afford the opportunity to place into action a motivational plan relevant to preventing accidents and incidents in your unique workplace. 

The causes of the specific types of accidents/incidents that have occurred within your workplace must be assessed. The approach you wish to use in the assessment and analysis process depends greatly on your familiarity with and the types of occurrences that have transpired in your workplace. Analyses covered in this book are root cause, causal factor, change, and barrier analysis. 

This is not a finite listing, as other, more complex approaches such as Managanent Oversight and Risk Tree Analysis (MORT), failure mode and effect analysis, and the aspects of system safety engineering are not covered within the scope of this book. These approaches can be found in many other books and articles. 

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In the modem workplace, there are many different types of accident prevention programs (figure 2-1) ranging from the simple to the complex. Some of the most widely used accident prevention techniques include ... 

Figure 2-1 Development of Accident Prevention Techniques and Programs...

Specific health problems associated with the workplace have contributed to (he development of the modem safety and health movement. These problems include lung diseases in miners, can-c s caused by contact with various industrial chemicals, and lung cancer tied to asbestos. Widely used accident prevention techniques include failure minimization, fail-safe designs, isolation, lockouts, screening, personal protective equipment, redundancy, and timed replacements. 

As one reviews the early history of criticality safety there is good evidence that standard industrial accident prevention techniques served well. Where there were failures, the evidence was not obscure that Simple, straUd>tforward multiple techniques of procedural control would produce the level of accident control required even by a changing social climate. 

United States Department of Labor, National Mine Health and Safety Academy. Accident Prevention Techniques. Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, 1984. 

The JSA/JHA is an accident prevention technique used in many successful safety programs. The JSA/JHA process is not difficult if it is undertaken with a... 

United States Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Job Safety Analysis (Safety Manual No. 5). Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, revised 1990. United States Department of Labor, National Mine Health and Safety Academy. Accident Prevention Techniques Job Safety Analysis. Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, 1984. United States Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration. Safety Observation (MSHAIG 84). Beckley, WV U.S. Department of Labor, revised 1991. 

Few people or workers want to admit that they do not know how to perform a job or task. They will not ask questions, let alone ask for help in doing an assigned task. This is the time when a laminated SOP or checklist could be placed at the worksite or attached to a piece of equipment. This can prove to be a very effective accident prevention technique. It can safely walk a worker through the correct sequence of necessary steps and thus avoid the exposure to hazards that can put the worker at risk of injury, illness, or death. 

An SOP is only one accident prevention technique or component of any safety and health initiative. There are specific jobs or tasks that lend themselves well to this approach. Make sure that SOPs are used when they benefit the type of work being performed the most, and not as a cure-all for all accidents and injuries. Use them as one of the many tools for accident prevention. 

PMPs are another example of an accident prevention technique. Of course, this technique would apply only if your company has equipment, machinery, or vehicles. A PMP is also an integral part of a fleet safety program. 

Although safety talks are short, these types of talks should not become just a routine part of the workday. Thus, to be effective, they must cover current concerns or information, be relevant to the job, and have value to the workers. Plan safety talks carefully in order to effectively convey a specific message and a real accident prevention technique. Select topics applicable to the existing work environment plan the presentation and focus on one issue at a time. Use materials to reinforce the presentation and clarify the expected outcomes. Some guidelines to follow ... 

The analysis of industry-related hazards and the accident/incidents they cause are an important step in the overall process of reducing occupation-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths. Only after a systematic look at the hazards and accidents can you hope to integrate the accident prevention techniques and tools that can have an impact on a company s safety and health initiative. 

Employers must address and manage accident prevention, addressing the people issues, analyzing accidents/incidents, using tested accident prevention techniques, and looking at specific situations and potential hazards that may exist. It will pay off to use the information and guidance herein. 

Job safety analysis (or job hazard analysis) is an accident prevention technique that should be used in conjunction with the development of job safety instructions safe systems of work and job safety training. 

These variables include control over error management, accident prevention techniques, hazard management, risk engineering, and corporate arrangements for employee consultation and reporting. 

Details of accident prevention techniques are in CGA P-12 and CGA P-14. CGA SB-2, "Oxygen-Deficient Atmospheres," is a good introduction for personnel. 

Chapter 14—Using the Tools Accident Prevention Techniques—The occupational safety and health community has provided many tools to assist us in preventing occupational injuries and illnesses. These tools range from audits to the use of consultants. In this chapter, these tools will be presented along with practical examples of how they can be put to use. Some forms will be provided that can... 

Many different tools are available to those who have responsibility for occupational safety and health to assist in structuring the safety and health program. Some are administrative techniques others are programs, while some will need to be developed by you. You will find these different accident prevention techniques to be very useful once you learn to make use of them. 

This material on job safety observation was taken from the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration s publication Safety Observation (MSHA IG 84). Job safety observations are one of the accident prevention techniques that can be used to assess safe work performance. 

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