Safe havens

Emergency response On-site communications Emergency shutdown equipment and procedures Site evacuation Safe havens Personal protective equipment Medical treatment On-site emergency plans, procedures, training, aud drills... 

Evaluate making the alkylation unit control building a safe haven during hazardous material releases administrative action items... 

Jann, Paul R. "Evaluation of temporary safe havens." E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Engineering Department, Newark, DE. 1989. 

News Staff, Deep Wells a Safe Haven for Hazardous Waste, Environment News, The Heartland Institute, January 1, 1998. Available at http //www.heartland.org/Article.cfm7artkU13901. 

Control Room 11 Minimum occupancy only essential functions during emergencies 12 Control room construction 13 Fresh air intakes location/isolation temporary safe havens 14 Control room location relative to unit, columns, and pipe bridges... 

Mitigation effects (safe havens, evacuation, daytime/nighttime populations)... 

Safe havens 108 Homes for wildlife 114 Food for all 118 Water for wildlife 124 Meadows and wild flowers... 

Just as smoking opium typically requires a large setup (a kit ), for many it also requires a safe haven. This need for a secret place to smoke is responsible for the creation of the opium den. 

Plastic pipes, even when flushed out with the most powerful disinfectants and germicides, have proven to be safe havens for some bacterial strains. Bactena-resistant piping is of major importance in pharmaceutical manufacture, Research is underway to find plastic piping that will reject the adhesion of bacterial slimes. Currently, alloy steels are widely used. The adherence of slimes to plastic pipes permits colonies of bacteria to multiply. A similar problem exists when patients are furnished with plastic implants orprosiheses Hospital water supplies must be continuously monitored. 

When the time came to get pregnant, one thing was crystal clear for both of us—we wanted our babies to be born as healthy as humanly possible. Because health begins in the womb, we figured our main job was to make sure that ours were pure places to grow. Our first instinct was to eat organic food. It s produced without harmful pesticides or hormones, which would obviously be best for our developing babies. But beyond our diets, we weren t sure what else we could do to make our bodies into the safe havens we wanted them to be. 

Nirvana Safe Haven www.nontoxic. com/organicfurniture/ch emicalfreeseating.html... 

E Magazine No Safe Haven People with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Are Becoming the New Homeless www.em agazine. com/view/ 10 0 3... 

A temporary haven can be a room or building that, because of its design and construction, can provide protection to a few people for the expected duration of a toxic release. Usually control rooms in plants are set up as safe havens for operators, to enable them to effect an orderly and safe shutdown of the facility and isolate the source of the release. These control rooms are usually fitted out with special HVAC systems that can be shut down quickly, air intakes that close tightly, and a separate supply of breathing air capable of supporting the necessary personnel for an extended period of time. 

Another group of shelters can be classified as temporary havens. They do not provide the same level of protection as a safe haven but can provide shelter at the start of a crisis. A temporary haven is also a room or building that can provide protection from toxic fumes, but for a limited period of time. This may be adequate for toxic gas releases of short duration. However,... 

In emergency response plans, distinction between safe havens and temporary havens should be clear. 

The major reason for considering the use of a safe haven or temporary haven is that immediate evacuation of the people affected may not be feasible. Gardner and Jann (1990) have shown that for chlorine and ammonia leak scenarios where the release duration is ten minutes, indoor sheltering can reduce the risk by 98.5% when compared to outdoor exposure. In this scenario, it was assumed that the building used as the temporary haven had an air change rate of once per hour. 

The need for plant operation continuity will dictate whether the control room must be designed or modified to serve as a safe haven for the plant s operators. An evaluation must be made of the benefits to be gained by ensuring operating continuity, isolating that portion of the plant where the release is located, or shutting down the facility in an orderly manner. If operations are to continue, special protective equipment, breathing air supplies, and HVAC system operation must be provided for. 

Figure 6.7. Temporary safe haven time to reach 25 ppm (ERPC) versus toxic challenge...

The number of people to be located in each safe haven or temporary safe haven must be carefully evaluated and planned for. This is to ensure that there will be an adequate number of escape air masks for those taking shelter in the buildings if the incident lasts longer than anticipated over time. In a situation like this, the toxic concentration will rise over time and vacating the haven will be necessary. When planning for the number of escape masks needed, some allowance must be made for visitors who may be seeking shelter as well. 

It is recognized that effective communications are vital to an effective and timely response to an emergency situation. This principle also applies to people located in safe havens and temporary safe havens. In cases where a plant control room has been set up as a safe haven for the operators, they must be able to communicate by radio with response personnel throughout the plant site. If the operators are to wear breathing apparatus then the radios must fit inside the breathing air masks. 

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