Requirements specification

Changes in the consumer needs which are manifested by the appearance of new types of products, new manufacturing processes and new uses for products, each requiring specific qualities. 

The elimination of lead, the reduction of aromatics in gasoline, and the desulfurization of diesel fuels are oing to require significant reformulations of these products that will irripiy development of specific additives that allow the refiner to optimize costs while meeting the required specifications. 

For all of these probes the characterization purpose is twofold to check their required specifications and to qualify their in situ performances. ... 

Finally, under the heading Specific pressure equipment requirements specific requirements are set out for equipment with a risk of overheating, for piping and, last but not least, specific quantitative requirements which set out a series of safety factors for certain pressure equipment. These latter provisions apply as a general rule which means that a manufacturer or a harmonised standard may deviate from these factors if it can be demonstrated that appropriate measures have been taken to achieve an equivalent level of safety. 

Enef Delivery Requirements Specific impulse or force... 

It should be emphasized that the polymerase chaia reactioa requires specific primers for syathesis therefore, the sequeace flanking the sequeace to be amplified must be known. PGR reactioas are also very susceptible to contamination by other DNA. Precautioas agaiast contamination aeed to be... 

The question of whether to use MAbs or PAbs in an assay is a matter of assay requirements (specificity and sensitivity) and economics and caimot be answered on technical merit alone. 

Gasoline. The naphtha fraction from cmde oil distillation is ultimately used to make gasoline. The two streams are isolated early in the refining scheme so that each can be refined separately for optimum blending in order to achieve the required specifications (see Gasoline and other motor fuels). 

Effluent Guidelines and Standards. The Clean Water Act requires specific levels of control for dischargers. These are outlined in the Effluent Guidelines and Standards for various industrial categories. These standards limit the discharge of pollutants, usually in terms of a unit weight of pollutant per unit of either product or raw material, rather than a concentration in the discharge stream, in order to eliminate the use of dilution to meet limits. 

Distillation processes typically reduce the IDS concentration to levels weU below the required specifications. Because the product water from the two processes is combined, the RO process can produce water at higher I DS concentrations and stiU meet the potable water specifications. In addition, the power produced from the MSF process can be used in the RO process, cutting energy costs. 

The filter and screen of the pyrometer shown ia Figure 9 require specific mention. From equation 21 it is evident that the observed radiation must be limited to a narrow bandwidth. Also, peak intensity does not occur at the same wavelength at different temperatures. The pyrometer is fitted with a filter (usually red) having a sharp cut-off, usually at 620 nm. The human eye is insensitive to fight of wavelength longer than 720 nm. The effective pyrometer wavelength is 655 nm. 

The inorganic characterization schedule for wastewaters to be treated using biological systems should include those tests which provide information concerning (/) potential toxicity, such as heavy metal, ammonia, etc (2) potential inhibitors, such as total dissolved soHds (TDS) and chlorides (J) contaminants requiring specific pretreatment such as pH, alkalinity, acidity, suspended soHds, etc and (4) nutrient availabiUty. 

PLOW 1 RAN was made available in 1974 by Monsanto Co. for steady-state simulation of chemical processes based on sequential modular technology. It requires specification of feed streams and topology of the system. In 1987, an optimization enhancement was added. 

The sohd line in Figure 3 represents the potential vs the measured (or the appHed) current density. Measured or appHed current is the current actually measured in an external circuit ie, the amount of external current that must be appHed to the electrode in order to move the potential to each desired point. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density can also be deterrnined from the potential vs measured current behavior, which is referred to as polarization curve rather than an Evans diagram, by extrapolation of either or both the anodic or cathodic portion of the curve. This latter procedure does not require specific knowledge of the equiHbrium potentials, exchange current densities, and Tafel slope values of the specific reactions involved. Thus Evans diagrams, constmcted from information contained in the Hterature, and polarization curves, generated by experimentation, can be used to predict and analyze uniform and other forms of corrosion. Further treatment of these subjects can be found elsewhere (1—3,6,18). 

When acetylene is recovered, absorption—desorption towers are used. In the first tower, acetylene is absorbed in acetone, dimethylformarnide, or methylpyroUidinone (66,67). In the second tower, absorbed ethylene and ethane are rejected. In the third tower, acetylene is desorbed. Since acetylene decomposition can result at certain conditions of temperature, pressure, and composition, for safety reasons, the design of this unit is critical. The handling of pure acetylene streams requires specific design considerations such as the use of flame arrestors. 

Application of these equations requires specific mixing rules. For example, if... 

Electrode insulators must also be designed for a particular service. The properties of the dust or mist and gas determine their design as well as the physical details of the installation. Conducting mists require specif lowances such as oil seals, energized shielding cups, or air bleeds. With saturated gas, steam coils are frequently used to prevent condensation on the electrodes. 

TLis information is taken from CFR 49, issue of October 1, 1992. Tbe table is intended to be illustrative of tbe use of CFR 49. It sbould not be used as tbe basis for cboosing a drum or other type package. Eacb package and product requires specific analysis to identify tbe container wbicb meets customer needs and compbes fully witb U.S. DOT and UN regulations. 

Triazole derivatives (diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fluhinconazole etc.) are widely used in agricultural practice as fungicides. The low application rates of these formulations require specific conditions for identification of residual quantities in different objects. 

Software failure Eollow strict controls throughout the software resulting in haz- life cycle including requirement specifications, ardous event. software design, coding, testing, and... 

The question to answer for this pre-startup task is Who needs training for this process and to what level of detail One method to analyze training needs is offered by the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) technical training model. It points to the job task analysis method mentioned previously (Appendix D, ISD Model and Job Task Analysis Techniques) to identify procedure titles as a first step for determining which job positions require specific knowledge and skills. 

Sometimes a compromise in the quality of the inputs (perhaps due to non-availability of a particular component to the required specification) may be necessory to avoid a production delay. Similar constraints in the design or process may also make it necessary to have a deviation in design, without undermining the quality requirements. The ISO emphasizes that, for such deviations, written authorization from a competent authority, and preferably also the written consent of the customer, is essential before implementing sueh a change. This will be for a specific period and for a specific number of items. 

Impact tests are, however, used to try to compare the impact strength of different materials. Of these tests four require specific mention. These are the Izod test, the Charpy test, the falling weight tests and the tensile impact test. 

A careful balance between the amounts of hot metal and scrap charged into the converter is maintained as a means of controlling the temperature and to ensure that steel of the required specification is produced. After a sample has been taken to check that the chemical content of the steel is correct, the vessel is again tilted to allow the molten steel to flow out. This is known as tapping. The steel is tapped into a ladle, in which secondary steelmaking frequently takes place. During tapping small quantities of other metals and fluxes are often added to... 

---