Histocompatibility

Brown, J.H., Wiley, D.C. The three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DRl. Nature 364 33-39, 1993. 

Since all members of this family of RNA phages have homologous coat proteins, their subunits are expected to have the same three-dimensional structure. It remains to be seen if the MS2 fold is also present in any other unrelated viruses. The fold is so far unique for the MS2 subunit, but similar structures have been observed in other proteins such as the major histocompatibility antigen, HLA, which was discussed in Chapter 15. 

Alloimmunity is the immune response mounted by a host on the basis of differences in major histocompatibility antigens expressed on the surface of a donor cell from the same species as the host. 

Autoimmune Disease. Figure 2 Generation of autoreactivity. APC, antigen presenting cell IFN, interferon LPS, lipopolysaccharide MHC, major histocompatibility complex T, T-lymphocyte TCR, Tcell (antigen) receptor TLR, toll like receptors. For details see text. 

The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system is the general name of a group of genes in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region on human chromosome 6 (mouse chromosome 17) that encodes the cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins. 

Group of transmembrane proteins engaged in the presentation of small peptide fragments to T-cells. Two classes of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules exist both of which are encoded by a highly polymorphic gene cluster. MHC class I and class II proteins present peptide fragments to CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells, respectively. The human MHC is also known as HLA, the murine MHC as H-2 complex. 

Aguas, A., Esaguy, N., Sunkel, C.E., Silva, M.T. (1990). Cross-reactivity and sequence homology between the 65 kilodalton mycobacterial heat shock protein and human lactoferrin, transferrin, and DR beta subsets of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Infect. Immun. 58, 1461-1470. 

Hamet, P., Tremblay, J., Malo, D., Kunes, J., Hashimoto, T. (1990b). Genetic hypertension is characterized by the abnormal expression of a gene localized in major histocompatibility complex hsp70. Transplant. Proc. 22,2566-2567. 

Sargent, C.A., Dunhan, 1., Trowsdale, J., Campbell, R.D. (1989). Human major histocompatibility complex contains genes for the major heat shock protein hsp70. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1968-1972. 

F. F. Major histocompatibility complex class 11 binding characteristics of peptoid-peptide hybrids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 

S, Reis e Sousa C, Germain RN, Mellman I, Steinman 48 RM The formation of immunogenic major histocompatibility complex class Il-peptide ligands in lysosomal compartments of dendritic cells is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. J Exp Med 2000 191 927-936. 49... 

York lA, Goldberg AL, Mo XY, Rock KL Proteolysis 73 and class I major histocompatibility complex antigen presentation. Immunol Rev 1999 172 49-66. 

The number of different proteins in a membrane varies from less than a dozen in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to over 100 in the plasma membrane. Most membrane proteins can be separated from one another using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a technique that has revolutionized their study. In the absence of SDS, few membrane proteins would remain soluble during electrophoresis. Proteins are the major functional molecules of membranes and consist of enzymes, pumps and channels, structural components, antigens (eg, for histocompatibility), and receptors for various molecules. Because every membrane possesses a different complement of proteins, there is no such thing as a typical membrane structure. The enzymatic properties of several different membranes are shown in Table 41-2. 

Bradley, J.R., Johnson, D.R. and Fober, J.S. (1993). Endothelial activation by hydre en peroxide. Selective increases of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I. Am. J. Pathol. 142, 1598-1609. 

Ia+ Murine class II major histocompatibility complex antigen IB4 Anti-CD 18 monoclonal antibody IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBMX 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine IBS Inflammatory bowel syndrome iC3 Inactivated C3 iC4 Inactivated C4 IC50 Concentration producing 50% inhibition... 

MEL Metabolic equivalent level MEM Minimal essential medium MG Myasthenia gravis MGSA Melanoma-growth-stimulatory activity MHC Major histocompatibility complex... 

Eggert F., Luszyk D., Haberkorn K., Wobst B., et al. (1998/9). The major histocompatibility complex and the chemosensory signalling of individuality in humans. Genetica 104, 265-273. 

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