Major histocompatibility locus

Yamaguchi, M., Yamazaki, K., Beauchamp, G.K., Bard, J., Thomas, L. and Boyse, E.A. (1981) Distinctive urinary odors governed by the major histocompatibility locus of the mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 5817-5820. 

Type 1 diabetes affects approximately 1 in 200 Americans, with a sibling recurrence risk of about 6%. It is an example of an autoimmune disease (see Immunology Lecture Notes), in which self-reactive T cells infiltrate the pancreas to destroy insulin-produdng islet cells. Mutations in the class II major histocompatibility locus (MHC) region are estimated to contribute about one third of the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Mutations in or near the insulin gene itself are responsible for another 10-15% of the risk. 

Williams RM, Moore MJ Linkage of susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to the major histocompatibility locus in the rat. J Exp Med 1973 138 775-83. 

Mb, Megabase(s), or millions of base pairs MHC, Major Histocompatibility locus MMTV, Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus MoMLV, Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus MuLV, Murine Leukemia Virus Mya, Million(s) years ago Myr(s), Million year(s)... 

The products of the major histocompatibility locus have been shown to interact with viral antigens on the cell surface of thymocytes. A number of polypeptides bind to the major envelope glycoprotein of Rauscher murine leukaemia virus. The receptors for this glycoprotein, which probably involve lipoproteins, have been prepared from plasma membrane preparations from mouse cells. ... 

Table 4.3 Inheritance of specific Ir genes and of the major histocompatibility locus of strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs by (2 x 13)Fi and backcross animals...

THE ROLE OF PRODUCTS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY LOCUS IN CELLULAR INTERACTIONS WHICH REGULATE IMMUNE RESPONSES... 

Figure 4.8 Failure of physiological cooperative interactions to occur in vivo between T and B lymphocytes differing at the major histocompatibility locus. The scheme followed is described in text. Recipients for all cell combinations were (A x B10)Fi hybrids. Combinations and strain origins of T and B cells and the relevant genetic differences are indicated. Recipients in groups I—VIII were secondarily challenged with 50 pg of DNP—BGG. Mean serum anti-DNP antibody levels of groups of five mice on day 7 after secondary challenge are illustrated. Horizontal bars represent ranges of the standard error. (Taken from reference 64.)...

The gene for ADA has been tentatively assigned to chromosome 20 so that there is no linkage with the major histocompatibility locus, assigned to chromosome 6 in man. There is an independent assortment of HL-A haplotypes and ADA deficiency in families with infants affected with severe combined immunodeficiency. Thus, it appears likely that the ADA deficiency has a causal relationship to severe combined immunodeficiency and that lymphoidal stem cells may be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of the absent or abnormal ADA. 

Bacon, L.D., Kite, J.H., Jr., and Rose, N.R., Relation between the major histocompatibility (B) locus and autoimmune thyroiditis in obese chickens, Science, 186, 274, 1974. 

Until now the reasons for why allergies affect only some patients and not others are not evident. It is also not known what causes an allergy to a specific allergen. A positive correlation between the rate of occurrence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes (especially DR locus) and the frequency of allergies to specific allergens is being verified. 

Fig. 14.3 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus with some of the polymorphic sites known within the TNF locus. C2, C4, complement C2, C4 Ch, chromosome HLA, human leukocyte antigen HSP, heat shock protein LTA, lymphotoxin A LTB, lymphotoxin B MHC, major histocompatibility complex. (Reproduced from ref 74 by permission of Future Medicine Ltd.)...

Iwamura, Y., Yonekawa, H. and Irie, Y. (1 995) Detection of host DNA sequences including the H-2 locus of the major histocompatibility complex in schistosomes. Parasitology 11 0, 163-1 70. 

DHEAS Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate HLA Major histocompatibility (MHC) locus... 

Inheritance of HLA characteristics follows a simple Mendelian pattern. The genetic loci controlling the various HLA subregions are contained within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (Fig. 1). Each individual inherits one chromosome 6 from one parent and one from the other parent, each chromosome coding for one HLA-A gene, one HLA-B gene, one HLA-C gene, and so on. The HLA-A locus will be occupied by one of the alleles listed in Table 1 under the column headed HLA-A , the HLA-B locus will be occupied by one of the alleles listed under HLA-B , and so on. 

Mwenda JM, Flashiba K, Bambra CS, Shotake T. Analysis of primate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-DQAl locus by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Cell Mol Biol 1997 43 471-475. 

An important question concerns the effect of the minor shift on the isochore pattern. This problem has been explored on all syntenic regions shared by human and mouse, that were large enough to comprise more than one isochore. The results of this investigation (Pavli-cek et al., 2002b) indicate that the human isochore pattern is still recognizable in the mouse chromosomes after the minor shift. This will be illustrated here by considering the major histocompatibility (MHC) locus. 

Pink, J.L.R., Droege, W., Hala, K., Miggiano, V.C Ziegler, A. (1977). A three locus model for the major histocompatibility complex. Immunogenetics, 5, 203-16. 

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