Class II histocompatibility antigens

Brown, J.H., Wiley, D.C. The three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DRl. Nature 364 33-39, 1993. 

Some patients will have repeatedly nonspecific reactivity in an ELISA assay, since the HIV-1 antigen used for the antibody assays is produced in cultured human T cells. It is not unexpected that occasional false positive assays occur in human sera from individuals with autoimmune diseases a history of multiple pregnancies or multiple transfusions or antibodies to certain class II histocompatibility antigens (especially HLA-DR4). Block reagents have been added to specimen diluents to minimize cross-reactions in these sera. This necessitates the use of confirmatory tests, especially the Western blot. With the use of both ELISA and Western blots, false positives decrease to less than 1 per 100,000. 

J.H. Brown, T.S. Jardetzky, J.C. Gorga, L.J. Stem, R.G. Urban, J.L. Strominger, and D.C. Wiley. 1993. Three-dimensional stmcture of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DRl Nature 364 33-39. (PubMed)... 

Interferony (IFNy) is the major interferon produced by immunologicaUy stimulated (by mitogens or antigens) lymphocyte cultures the primary producer ceUs are T lymphocytes, and the major activity is immunoregulation. IFNy has been implicated in aberrant expression of class II histocompatibility antigens by tissue ceUs (such as thyroid cells) that do not normally express them, leading to autoimmune disease. ... 

Gorga JC. Horejsi V, Johnson DR, Raghupathy R. StromingerJL (1987) Purification and characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens from a homozygous human B cell line. J Biol Chem 262 16087-16094. 

Czarniecki CW, Chiu HH, Wong GH, McCabe SM, Palladino MA. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens on human cells. J Immunol 1988 140 4217—4223. 

Nowack D, Goebel KM. Genetic aspects of sarcoidosis. Class II histocompatibility antigens and a family study. Arch Intern Med 1987 147(3) 481-483. 

Frohman EM, Vayuvegula B, Gupta S, van den Noort S (1988) Norepinephrine inhibits gamma-interferon-induced major histocompatibility class II (la) antigen expression on cultured astrocytes via beta-2-adrenergic signal transduction mechanisms. Proc. Natl. AcadSci. USA 85 1292-1296. 

Radsak M, Iking-Konert C, Stegmaier S, Andrassy K, Hansch GM Polymorphonuclear neutrophils as accessory cells for T-cell activation Major histocompatibility complex class II restricted antigen-dependent induction of T-cell proliferation. Immunology 2000 101 521-530. 

Ia+ Murine class II major histocompatibility complex antigen IB4 Anti-CD 18 monoclonal antibody IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBMX 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine IBS Inflammatory bowel syndrome iC3 Inactivated C3 iC4 Inactivated C4 IC50 Concentration producing 50% inhibition... 

An unknown antigen presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules causes T cells to become autoreactive (Fig. 26-1). Once activated, T cells penetrate the... 

Family history of RA. Genetic studies demonstrate a strong correlation between RA and the presence of major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), specifically HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4.4,5 HLA is a molecule associated with the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. 

Rollins-Smith, L.A., and Blair, R, Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is metamorphosis-dependent, Dev Immunol., 1, 97, 1990. 

---