Endothelial activation

Bradley, J.R., Johnson, D.R. and Fober, J.S. (1993). Endothelial activation by hydre en peroxide. Selective increases of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I. Am. J. Pathol. 142, 1598-1609. 

Also when the cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) was used for cancer treatment, serious adverse effects were noted resulting in the so-called vascular leak syndrome (VLS) [98, 99]. VLS is a life-threatening toxicity marked by vasopermeability with hypotension induced during high dose IL-2 treatment of cancer patients [100]. VLS is caused by endothelial activation and can be induced in lungs and liver of mice by IL2 administration [99]. The mechanism of IL-2-induced VLS is still poorly understood and at present there is no specific therapy for VLS. For the investigation of these... 

Carluccio, M.A., Siculella, L., Ancora, M.A., Massaro, M., Scoditti, E., Storelli, C., Visioli, F., Distante, A., and De Caterina, R., Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation antiatherogenic properties of mediterranean diet phytochemicals, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol, 23, 622, 2003. 

Lopez-Garcia, E., Schulze, M.B., and Manson, J.A.E. 2004. Consumption of (n-3) fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation in women. J. Nutr. 134, 1806-1811. 

Jimenez JJ, Jy W, Mauro LM, Horstman LL, Soderland C, Ahn YS. Endothelial microparticles released in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura express von Willebrand factor and markers of endothelial activation. Br J Haematol 2003 123 896-902. 

De Caterina, R., Liao, J.K., and Libby, P., Fatty acid modulation of endothelial activation, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71, 213S, 2000. 

Taken all together, these data strongly suggest that endothelial activation increases metastasis by increasing cancer cell adhesion, and therefore the effect of c)dokine-mediated activation should also... 

Levels ofVWF in the subendotelium are variable and depend on the origin of endothelial cells and their growth conditions. It is likely that the activation status of endothelial cells is wdiat determines the amoimt of VWF secreted towards the subendothelium. Studies on cultured endothelial cells have shown that activation induced by phorbol yristate or thrombin modify the reactivity of die extracellular matrix towards platelets [33]. Although in these in vitro studies, endothelial cell activation is followed by the release of VWF to the supernatant, it may be speculated that, in vivo, chronic endothelial activation could result in an increase in subendothelial VWF which, together with rapid de-endoflielization could result in thrombotic episodes [34]. 

In vivo, interferon inducers exert a wide variety of effects on host defense mechanisms interferon production, pyrogenicity, stimulation of cellular and humoral immunity and stimulation of reticulo-endothelial activity. It is not surprising, therefore, that interferon inducers increase the host s resistance to both viral and non-viral (bacterial, fungal, protozoal) infections and tumor growth. A major obstacle confronting the clinical usefulness of interferon inducers is their toxicity. Are interferon induction and toxicity necessarily coupled or can they be disconnected Preliminary evidence suggests that, at least with poly(I) poly(C), toxicity and activity could be uncoupled. 

Regulatory IL-1 Macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial Activation of T- and B-lymphocytes, hematopoietic growth... 

Marin y Montero-Julian FA, Gres S, Boulay V, Bongrand P, Farnarier C, Kaplanski G The IL-6-soluble IL-6Ralpha autocrine loop of endothelial activation as an intermediate between acute and chronic inflammation An experimental model involving thrombin. J Iimnunol 2001 167 3435. 

A critical mechanism of action of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is suspected to be a reduction in the endothelial production of IL-6 in response to naturally acquired viral infections. Increasing tissue concentrations of EPA and DH A markedly reduced the production of IL-6 from macrophages and endothelial cells in clinical trials and in cultured cells. In clinical intervention trials, dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation suppressed the production of serum IL-6 in human subjects (13). In another set of normal subjects, IL-6 production was suppressed by 43% after supplementation with fish oil (14). IL-6 production was reduced by 54%, and clinical improvements were noted among patients with rheumatoid arthritis after supplementation with EPA and DHA (15). The role of EPA and DHA in reducing endothelial activation is complex and was reviewed recently by De Caterina et al. (16). These n-3 fatty acids may reduce naso-pharyngeal endothelial cell activation in response to viral adhesions, thereby reducing the severity of the illness and lessening the days of absence from school in the ill cohort. 

S., Rhosphatidylethanolamines modified by gamma-ketoaldehyde (gammaKA) induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and endothelial activation. 2011, 286(20),... 

Randomised, crossover trial, two cohorts 28 hypertriglyceridemic and 14 healthy subjects, 1 week Supplementation with either refined olive oil or high-PA sunflower oil A positive effect on endothelial activation and vascular inflammation was observed in the group consuming refined olive oil (Pachco et al., 2008)... 

Garg AK, Mai WY, McGary JE et al. (2006) Radiation proc-topathy in the treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 66 1294-1305 Gaugler MH, Vereycken-Holler V, Squiban C etal. (2005) Pravastatin limits endothelial activation after irradiation and decreases the resulting inflammatory and thrombotic responses. Radiat Res 163 479 87... 

Carluccio MA et al (2003) Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 23 622-629... 

Iwata, A., Sai, S., Nitta, Y, Chen, M., DE Fries-HaUstrand, R., Dalesandro, J., Thomas, R., and Allen, M. D. 2001. Liposome-mediated gene transfection of endotheUal nitric oxide synthase reduces endothelial activation and leukocyte infiltration in transplanted hearts. Circulation, 103,2753-2759. 

De Caterina, R., Libby, R, Peng, H.B., Thannickal, V.J., Rajavashisth, T.B., Gimbrone, M.A., Jr., Shin, W.S., and Liao, J.K. (1995). Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J. Clin. Invest. 96, 60-68. 

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