Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen

Tangri S, Ishioka GY, Huang X, Sidney J, Southwood S, Fikes J, Sette A. Structural features of peptide analogs of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class I epitopes that are more potent and immunogenic than wild-type peptide. J Exp Med 2001 194 833-846. 

Allan DS, Colonna M, Lanier LL, Churakova TD, Abrams JS, Ellis SA, McMichael AJ. Braud VM (1999) Tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G bind to peripheral blood myelomonocytic cells. J Exp Med 189 1149- 1156... 

Borrego F, Ulbrecht M, Weiss EH, Coligan JE, Brooks AG (1998) Recognition of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E complexed with HLA class I signal sequence-derived peptides by CD94/NKG2 confers protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis. J Exp Med 187 813 818... 

Youde SJ, Dunbar PR, Evans EM, Fiander AN, Borysiewicz LK, Cerundolo V, Man S (2000) Use of fluorogenic histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-A 0201/HPV 16 E7 peptide complexes to isolate rare human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-recognizing endogenous human papillomavirus antigens. Cancer Res 60 365-371... 

Liu Z, Sun Y-K, Xi Y-P, Harris P, Suciu Foca N (1992) T cell recognition of self-human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR molecules. J Exp Med 175 1663-1668... 

Family history of RA. Genetic studies demonstrate a strong correlation between RA and the presence of major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), specifically HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4.4,5 HLA is a molecule associated with the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. 

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) Groups of genes found on the major histocompatibility complex, which contain cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins. The body uses HLA to distinguish between self-cells and non-self-cells. 

Fig. 14.3 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus with some of the polymorphic sites known within the TNF locus. C2, C4, complement C2, C4 Ch, chromosome HLA, human leukocyte antigen HSP, heat shock protein LTA, lymphotoxin A LTB, lymphotoxin B MHC, major histocompatibility complex. (Reproduced from ref 74 by permission of Future Medicine Ltd.)...

The cause of type 1 diabetes is not fuUy understood. An autoimmune attack (to the /3-cells of the pancreas) may be triggered by reaction to an infection, for example by one of the viruses of the Coxsackie virus family or German measles, although the evidence is inconclusive. Individuals may display genetic vulnerability an observed inherited tendency to develop type 1 diabetes has been traced to particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes (the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans is known as the HLA system). Environmental factors can also strongly influence expression of type 1 diabetes. 

The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of Graves disease is well established. A considerable amount of information links the human major histocompatibility complex (human leukocyte antigen [HLA]) with Graves disease. For instance, several HLA types, such as HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3, are associated with this disorder. Graves disease in the Japanese has been found to be associated with HLA-B35, whereas in patients of Chinese... 

Two special genetic regions with sufficient sequence variability for identity testing include the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the mitochondrial DNA. The HLA loci described in the Transplantation Testing section later in this... 

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA). The major human histocompatibility complex situated on chromosome 6. Human HLA-A, -B, and -C (resembling mouse H2k, d, and 1) are MHC class I molecules, whereas HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR (resembling mouse I-A and I-E) are MHC class II molecules. 

Human leukocyte antigens are polymorphic cell-surface molecules that are intimately involved in the regulation of the immune response. The antigens are encoded by a series of closely linked genes known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (BIO). The complex extends over approximately 4000 kilobases or 4 x 10 nucleotides and contains three distinct subregions known as class I, class II, and class III (T19) (see Fig. 1). 

By GD 50, the primordial thymus contains a polymorphic cell population and is on an obvious differentiation into cortex and medullary zones. The first T-like cells can be identified histologically by GD 50 but do not show CD3-positive immunoreactivity (Buse et al., 2006). The first cells that have been identified immunohistochemically are those expressing Human Leukocyte Antigen-D Region (HLA-DR of the major histocompatibility complex, class... 

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