Major histocompatibility complex classes

Aguas, A., Esaguy, N., Sunkel, C.E., Silva, M.T. (1990). Cross-reactivity and sequence homology between the 65 kilodalton mycobacterial heat shock protein and human lactoferrin, transferrin, and DR beta subsets of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Infect. Immun. 58, 1461-1470. 

F. F. Major histocompatibility complex class 11 binding characteristics of peptoid-peptide hybrids. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 

S, Reis e Sousa C, Germain RN, Mellman I, Steinman 48 RM The formation of immunogenic major histocompatibility complex class Il-peptide ligands in lysosomal compartments of dendritic cells is regulated by inflammatory stimuli. J Exp Med 2000 191 927-936. 49... 

Bradley, J.R., Johnson, D.R. and Fober, J.S. (1993). Endothelial activation by hydre en peroxide. Selective increases of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I. Am. J. Pathol. 142, 1598-1609. 

Family history of RA. Genetic studies demonstrate a strong correlation between RA and the presence of major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), specifically HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4.4,5 HLA is a molecule associated with the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. 

Vallance, B.A., Galeazzi, F., Collins, S.M. and Snider, D.P. (1999b) CD4 T cells and major histocompatibility complex class II expression influence worm expulsion and increased intestinal muscle contraction during Trichinella spiralis infection. Infection and Immunity 67, 6090-6097. 

Santos, S.G., Campbell, E.C., Lynch, S., Wong, V., Antoniou, A.N., and Powis, S.J. (2007) Major histocompatibility complex class I-ERp57-tapasin interactions within the peptide-loading complex. /. Biol. Cbem. 282(24), 17587-17593. 

Aten, J. et al., Susceptibility to the induction of either autoimmunity or immunosuppression by mercuric chloride is related to the major histocompatibility complex class II haplotype. Eur. J. Immunol., 21, 611, 1991. 

Paulsson, K. (2004) Evolutionary and functional perspectives of the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-processing machinery. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61, 2446-2460. 

Hughes, A.L. and Nei, M. (1988) Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature 335, 167-170. 

Langefors, A., Lohm, J., Grahn, M., Andersen, O. and von Schantz, T. (2001) Association between major histocompatibility complex class IIB alleles and resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon. Proc. R. Soc. B 268, 479-485. 

Sato, A., Figueroa, F., Murray, B.W., Malaga-Trillo, E., Zaleska-Rutczynska, Z., Sultmann, H., Toyosawa, S., Wedekind, C., Steck, N. and Klein, J. (2000) Nonlinkage of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II loci in bony fishes. Immunogenet. 51, 108-116. 

Bartee, E., et ah, Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I by human ubiquitin ligases related to viral immune evasion proteins. J Virol, 2004, 78(3), 1109-20. 

Yamano, T. et al. Two distinct pathways mediated by PA28 and hsp90 in major histocompatibility complex class 1 antigen processing. J Exp Med 2002, 396, 185-96. 

Mahnke K. Guo M, Lee S, Sepulveda H, Swain SL, Nussenzweig M, Steinman RM The dendritic cell receptor for endocytosis, DEC-205, can recycle and enhance antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class Il-positive lysosomal compartments. J Cell Biol 2000 151 673-684. 

Bonifaz L. Bonnyay D, Mahnke K, Rivera M, Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM Efficient targeting of protein antigen to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205 in the steady state leads to antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I products and peripheral CDS4- T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2002 196 1627-1638. 

Desvignes C, Bout H, Nicolas J-F, Kaiserlian D Lack of oral tolerance but oral priming for contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene in major histocompatibility complex class Il-defident mice and in CD4+ T-cell-depleted mice. Eur J Immunol 1996 26 1756-1761. 

The First Step Toward Superantigen-Based Intoxication Binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II... 

The staphylococcal superantigens initially bind to conserved elements on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules with relatively high affinity (A(i 10 mol 1 ). These receptors are found in abundance, throughout the body, on antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and monocytes. However, each toxin... 

Asn25 of SEA) and amino acids 60-64 as essential for interactions with the murine V/3 chain. Mutations within the binding domains of SEA for major histocompatibility complex class II differentially affect interactions with the V/3 region of a T-cell receptor. " ... 

The coupling of superantigen—major histocompatibility complex class II to T-cell receptor swifdy results in cell-signaling cascades. ° These staphylococcal toxins can increase levels of phosphatidyl inositol from quiescent T cells, such as other mitogens, as well as elicit intracellular Ca movement that activates the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway important for interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression. " IL-2 is intimately linked to T-cell proliferation. In addition to the PKC pathway, the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway is also activated by superantigens, leading to elevated expression of various proinflammatory cytokines. Staphylococcal superantigens also potently activate transcriptional factors NF-/IB (nuclear factor kappa B) and AP-1 (activator protein-1), which subsequently elicit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. " " ... 

Ironically, SE or TSST-1 concentrations that cause T-cell proliferation do not always correlate with receptor affinity. For instance, SEE binds HLA-DR with 100-fold lower affinity relative to the very similarly structured SEA however, SEE stimulates T-cell proliferation to equivalent levels as SEA. The dose-response curves for cytokine and chemokine production in vitro by staphylococcal superantigen-stimulated cells are also very similar despite differences in affmity/specificity for major histocompatibility complex class II and T-cell receptor V/3 molecules. Overall, these observations suggest that the biological effects of staphylococcal superantigens are induced at rather low, nonsaturating occupancy rates not readily classified by typical biokinetics. 

SEA (Leu-48-Gly) and SEB (Phe-44-Ser) mutants unable to bind major histocompatibility complex class II remain emetic but lack T-cell mitogenic effects. " A disulfide loop in SEs, which is absent in the non-enterotoxic TSST-1, may be responsible for the emetic activity of SEs but that too remains controversial. Carboxymethylation of histidines on SEA or SEB generates superantigenic molecules devoid of enter-otoxicity or skin reactivity. This chemically modified SEB also inhibits, perhaps in a competitive fashion, the... 

Kretsovali, A., Agalioti, T., Spilianakis, C., Tzortzakaki, E., Merika, M., and Papamatheakis, J. (1998) Involvement of CREB binding protein in expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes via interaction with the class II transactivator. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18(11),... 

Hofmann, S., Gluckmaim, M., Kausche, S., Schmidt, A., Corvey, C., Lichtenfels, R., Huber, C., Albrecht, C., Karas, M., and Herr, W., Rapid and sensitive identification of major histocompatibility complex class 1-associated tumor peptides by nano-LC MALDI MS/MS, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 4(12), 1888-1897, 2005. 

Cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-y, favour the secretion of numerous chemokines and the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells. The mechanisms of action of the principle drugs used in MS, and in priority beta interferons, are the following (1) inhibition of the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, (2) inhibition of metal-loproteases, (3) induction of immunosuppressor cytokines. 

Petersdorf EW, HansenJA, Martin PJ, Woolfrey A, et al. 2001. Major-histocompatibility-complex class I alleles and antigens in hematopoietic cell transplantation. NEJM. 345 1794-1800. 

Sallusto, F., Celia, M., Danieli, C. and Lanzavecchia, A. (1995) Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J. Exp. Med., 182, 389M00. 

Quijada L, Moreira D, Soto M, Alonso C, Requena JM. Detection of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens on the surface of a single murine blastocyst by immuno-PCR. BioTechniques 1997 24(4) 660-662. 

Imai Y, Ibata I, Ito D, Ohsawa K, Kohsaka S (1996) A novel gene ibal in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 224 855-862 Imitola J, Raddassi K, Park KI, Mueller FJ, Nieto M, Teng YD, Frenkel D, Li J, Sidman RL, Walsh CA, Snyder EY, Khoury SJ (2004) Directed migration of neural stem cells to sites of CN S injury by the stromal cell-derived factor lalpha/CXC chemokine receptor 4 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 18117-18122... 

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