Same species

Bimolecular reactions involve two particles in their essential step. In the so-called self-reactions they are of the same species ... 

The ti eatment of the Jahn-Teller effect for more complicated cases is similar. The general conclusion is that the appearance of a linear term in the off-diagonal matrix elements H+- and H-+ leads always to an instability at the most symmetric configuration due to the fact that integrals of the type do not vanish there when the product < / > / has the same species as a nontotally symmetiic vibration (see Appendix E). If T is the species of the degenerate electronic wave functions, the species of will be that of T, ... 

Now encounters between molecules, or between a molecule and the wall are accompanied by momentuin transfer. Thus if the wall acts as a diffuse reflector, molecules colliding wlch it lose all their axial momentum on average, so such encounters directly change the axial momentum of each species. In an intermolecuLar collision there is a lateral transfer of momentum to a different location in the cross-section, but there is also a net change in total momentum for species r if the molecule encountered belongs to a different species. Furthermore, chough the total momentum of a particular species is conserved in collisions between pairs of molecules of this same species, the successive lateral transfers of momentum associated with a sequence of collisions may terminate in momentum transfer to the wall. Thus there are three mechanisms by which a given species may lose momentum in the axial direction ... 

Most of these theoretical aspects are discussed in the following sections, pointing out the particuliar suitability of the very dissymmetrical molecular frame of thiazole for quantitative study, on the same species, of a large variety of fundamental organic reactions. 

The positive exponent is associated with the same species as identifies the r (i.e., for rj, Ml Pi-), while the negative exponent is associated with the other species (for ri, M2 P2 )-... 

Resistance to antimicrobial agents is of concern as it is well known that bacterial resistance to antibiotics can develop. Many bacteria already derive some nonspecific resistance to biocides through morphological features such as thek cell wall. Bacterial populations present as part of a biofilm have achieved additional resistance owkig to the more complex and thicker nature of the biofilm. A system contaminated with a biofilm population can requke several orders of magnitude more chlorine to achieve control than unassociated bacteria of the same species. A second type of resistance is attributed to chemical deactivation of the biocide. This deactivation resistance to the strong oxidising biocides probably will not occur (27). 

An enrichment is defined as a separation process that results in the increase in concentration of one or mote species in one product stream and the depletion of the same species in the other product stream. Neither high purity not high recovery of any components is achieved. Gas enrichment can be accompHshed with a wide variety of separation methods including, for example, physical absorption, molecular sieve adsorption, equiHbrium adsorption, cryogenic distillation, condensation, and membrane permeation. 

Interchemical comparisons of acute toxicity (LD q) are valid only for the same species and route of adrninistration. Except where noted in the table, all data are previously unpublished, Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. 

Different species within a given environment will be exposed to varying concentrations and mixtures of compounds, and will exhibit different accumulation patterns. Congener patterns (in the case of PCBs, for example) may also vary in the same species at different locations, reflecting the varying concentrations in their major food source. ... 

The Gp polypeptide chain has about 350 amino acid residues whereas the y chain has only about 70 residues. There are small variations in these lengths between species and between different gene products within the same species, but all known p chains and y chains show significant sequence... 

Substances such as brass, wood, sea water, and detergent formulations are mixtures of chemicals. Two samples of brass may differ in composition, colour and density. Different pieces of wood of the same species may differ in hardness and colour. One sample of sea water may contain more salt and different proportions of trace compounds than another. Detergent formulations differ... 

R. serpentina Benth. Ajmalicine, ajmaline, ajmalinine, serpentine, serpentinine (Siddiqui and Siddiqui ). From a geographical variety of the species, Moajmaline, neoajmaline and unnamed alkaloids, m.p. 220° and m.p. 234 (S. Siddiqui ). From the same species van Itallie and Steenhauer isolated alkaloids B, C and A (rauwolfine) which may be identical with Siddiqui s serpentine, aimalinine and ajmaline respectively. 

The interaction between particles belonging to the same species is a hard sphere interaction... 

To illustrate this theory, we consider a one-component fluid with the interaction between the same species given by Eq. (36). Obviously, the model differs from that described in Sec. (II Bl). In particular, the geometrical constraints, which determine the type of association products in the case of a two-component model, are no longer valid. If we restrict ourselves to the case L < cr/2, only dimers and -mers built up of rigid, regular polygons are possible. 

Another interesting version of the MM model considers a variable excluded-volume interaction between same species particles [92]. In the absence of interactions the system is mapped on the standard MM model which has a first-order IPT between A- and B-saturated phases. On increasing the strength of the interaction the first-order transition line, observed for weak interactions, terminates at a tricritical point where two second-order transitions meet. These transitions, which separate the A-saturated, reactive, and B-saturated phases, belong to the same universality class as directed percolation, as follows from the value of critical exponents calculated by means of time-dependent Monte Carlo simulations and series expansions [92]. 

Amphiphilic (Section 19.5) Possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties within the same species. 

A distinction is made between two varieties of the grass Sofia and "motla, but st is for the present undecided whpthev they are hotanioaJ varieties, or only different condiiiousof maiiiiniy of ihe same species. 

The cyclic steady state SMB performance is characterized by four parameters purity, recovery, solvent consumption, and adsorbent productivity. Extract (raffinate) purity is the ratio between the concentration of the more retained component (less retained) and the total concentration of the two species in the extract (raffinate). The recovery is the amount of the target species obtained in the desired product stream per total amount of the same species fed into the system. Solvent consumption is the total amount of solvent used (in eluent and feed) per unit of racemic amount treated. Productivity is the amount of racemic mixture treated per volume of adsorbent bed and per unit of time. 

While certain reservations must be kept in view (i.e. there is not necessarily a correlation between pH and corrosivity, and different samples of the same species of wood show a wide scatter of pH values, which might well be even wider if differences in duration of seasoning were taken into account), the results of vapour corrosion tests nevertheless indicate a general correlation between quoted pH values and the corrosiveness of wood vapours. It may reasonably be concluded that a strongly acid wood, pH less than 4-0, is potentially dangerous, and a less acid wood, pH more than 5 0, is likely to be relatively safe. 

Any two edges are congruent to each other. Vertices of the same species are congruent, vertices of different species noncongruent. 

Unless stated otherwise, we consider all the vertices of a free tree to be of the same species (Sec. 45 in this chapter is the only exception). 

In planted trees we distinguish between two species of points, the nodes and the root that is, all nodes are considered to be of the same species unless stated otherwise (as in Sec. 45). 

A relationship between the numbers A and corresponds to the similarity of the two equations (2.36) and ( ) [of (2.37) and (1 )]. Choose a topological planted tree counted by with n nodes of the same species. Then label these n nodes individually. The resulting... 

Let us now consider the same species of molecule situated in a particular solvent and dissociated into a pair of ions. The potential-energy curve will be similar but will have a much shallower minimum, as in Fig. 86, because in a medium of high dielectric constant the electrostatic attraction is much weaker. Let the dissociation energy in solution be denoted by D, in contrast to the larger Dvac, the value in a vacuum. 

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