Bioprocessing

Microbial processes can also detoxify mercury ions and organic compounds by reducing the mercury to the elemental form, which is volatile (86). This certainly reduces the environmental impact of compounds such as methylmercury, however, such a bioprocess would have to include a mercury capture system before it could be exploited on a large scale with pubHc support. 

Committee on Bioprocess Engineering, National Research Council, Putting Biotechno/ogy to Work Bioprocess Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1992, pp. 2—22. 

H. Axelsson, Centrifugal Separations—Principles and Techniques, Alfa Laval Separation, Tumba, Sweden, presented at the Bioprocess Technology Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., Oct. 17—25 1991. 

Significant additional progress will be necessary before cost-effective production of vitamin B by bioprocesses is possible. 

A number of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of thiamine in E. coli (89—92), i hium meliloti (93), B. suhtilis (94), and Schi saccharomycespomhe (95,96) have been mapped, cloned, sequenced, and associated with biosynthetic functions. Thiamine biosynthesis is tightly controlled by feedback and repression mechanisms limiting overproduction (97,98). A cost-effective bioprocess for production of thiamine will require significant additional progress. 

Bioprocessing and Biotreatment of Goal. The use of biotechnology to process coal to make gaseous and Hquid fuels is an emerging field... 

D. L. Wise, ed.. Bioprocessing and Biotreatment of Coal, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, 744 pp. 

Fiechter, A., H. Okada, and R. D. Tanner (eds.). Bioproducts and Bioprocesses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989. 

Vieth, W. R., Bioprocess Engineeiing Kinetics, Mass Transpoit, Reactors, and Gene Expression, Wiley, New York, 1994. 

POWERTRAN-PC, from Bigelow Systems DataLogiX, from DataLogiX Formula Systems G2, a bioprocess expert program with simulation and control from GENSYM, Cambridge, MA... 

Bioprocess Control An industrial fermenter is a fairly sophisticated device with control of temperature, aeration rate, and perhaps pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, or some nutrient concentration. There has been a strong trend to automated data collection and analysis. Analog control is stiU very common, but when a computer is available for on-line data collec tion, it makes sense to use it for control as well. More elaborate measurements are performed with research bioreactors, but each new electrode or assay adds more work, additional costs, and potential headaches. Most of the functional relationships in biotechnology are nonlinear, but this may not hinder control when bioprocess operate over a narrow range of conditions. Furthermore, process control is far advanced beyond the days when the main tools for designing control systems were intended for linear systems. 

Biocatalyst An enzyme tliat plays a fundamental role in living organisms or in industry by activating or accelerating a bioprocess. 

Bioprocess The process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g., enzymes, organelles, and chloroplasts) to effect desired chemical and/or physical changes. 

Bioreactor The vessel of defined configuration in which a bioprocess is carried out. 

Fermentation An anaerobic bioprocess. An enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas as a byproduct. Fermentation is used in various industrial processes for the manufacture of products (e.g., alcohols, organic acids, solvents, and cheese) by the addition of yeasts, moulds, and bacteria. 

Bioprocess The facility necessary in a biotechnology clean room to protect the worker, the product, and the environment. 

BioProcess stainless-steel columns are fixed bed height columns designed for the most stringent requirements in the routine production of biopharmaceuticals. Wetted materials include stainless steel, polypropylene, and EPDM. The BPSS series may be operated at pressures up to 3 bar (0.3 MPa) and are supplied with sanitary fittings of 10 or 22 mm i.d. The available column sizes and specifications for the BPSS column series are given in Table 2.18. 

Toyopearl HW size exclusion chromatography resins are macroporous packings for bioprocessing chromatography. They are applicable for process-scale... 

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