Whey waste, bioprocessing

In addition to their main components, complex waste streams can contain additional substances that make them advantageous in direct comparison with pure and expensive substrates. For example, the permeate of surplus whey from the dairy industry provides the production strain in bioprocesses not only with a rich source of the carbohydrate lactose, but also with minor components such as minerals and protein residues that have positive impacts on the microbial cultivation. Additionally, beneficial growth components such as vitamins and biotin are reported to be available from complex, unrefined resources such as molasses (reviewed by Purushothaman et al. 2(X)1). 

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