Bioprocess process steps

The BioView sensor includes a software package (CAMO ASA, Norway) for data analysis and on-Une estimation of different bioprocess variables simultaneously. Thus, the instrument is able to predict the trends of the concentration courses of different variables during a cultivation and is used to give information about important process steps (e.g., feeding time, harvesting time, etc.). The instrument is able to monitor on-line several fluorophores in situ and non-invasively during cultivation processes and permits an estimation of different bioprocess variables simultaneously. The increasing of cell mass concentration and the product formation as well as the actual metabolic state of the cells is simultaneously detectable by this fluorescence technique. 

When planning an industrial-scale bioprocess, the main requirement is to scale up each of the process steps. As the principles of the unit operations used in these downstream processes have been outlined in previous chapters, at this point we discuss only examples of practical applications and scaling-up methods of two unit operations that are frequently used in downstream processes (i) cell separation by filtration and microfiltration and (ii) chromatography for fine purification of the target products. 

Our market opportunity results from the combination of fermentation, bioprocessing, and conventional chemical processing. The optical specificity of the biological system provides value that cannot yet be achieved through chemical processing. The chemical processing steps allow us to specifically combine the chiral lactic acid units to make valuable materials. The combination of fermentation or... 

Fermentation broths are complex, aqueous mixtures of cells, comprising soluble extracellular, intracellular products and any unconverted substrate or unconvertible components. Recovery and extraction of product is important in bioprocess engineering. In particular separation is a useful technique it depends on product, its solubility, size of the process, and product value. Purification of high-value pharmaceutical products using chromatography such as hormones, antibody and enzymes is expensive and difficult to scale up.1 Tire necessary steps to follow a specific process depend on the nature of the product and the characteristics of the fermentation broth. There are a few steps for product recovery the following processes are discussed, which are considered as an alternative for product recovery from fermentation broth. 

Another advantage to the incorporation of bioprocessing aids into the Step I procedure is that the clarified extract can be used directly for subsequent purification steps even without the use of a Step II system to dewater or concentrate the process stream. These factors are especidly relevant when HPLC systems arc used in Step IB for the chromatographic procedures. Nucleic acids, pigmented organics and especially cellular debris can very quickly foul an HPLC column. This is an even more important consideration for large scale protein purification schemes where the volumes of material and costs of the operation are greatly increased (3). 

Bioprocesses incorporating more than one redox enzyme in an oxidative reaction system might involve, in the simplest case, two oxidizing enzymes coupled so that they act sequentially to effect two oxidation steps. A key issue in the development of such oxidative biocatalytic systems would be the determination of the values, for each enzyme involved, of the redox potentials. These can be determined by potentiometric titration using redox mediators (such as NADH) and techniques such as cyclic voltammetry or electrophoresis [44]. Knowledge of the redox potentials would facilitate the design and engineering of a process in which the two... 

The goal of bioprocess control is to maintain important process variables in a bioreactor at a desired level regardless of time-dependent environmental changes. Process control will be performed by the following two steps based on the information obtained through the instrumentation. 

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