Bioprocess biosensors

Three major intellectual frontiers for chemical engineers in bioprocessing are the design of bioreactors for the culture of plant and animal cells, the development of control systems along with the needed biosensors and analytical instraments, and the development of processes for separating and purifying products. A critical component in each of these three research areas is the need to relate the micro-scale to the mesoscale. 

Vol. 148. Commercial Biosensors Applications to Clinical, Bioprocess and Environmental Samples. Edited by Graham Ramsay... 

R. RENNEBERG, A. WARSINKE and G. KAISER, "Amperometric immunosensors for bioprocess control" in "Biosensors Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications", GBF monographs, vol. 17, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, 1992, p. 25. 

Based on these chemosensors, biosensors can be set up such as glucose or H2O2 sensors. In this case the appropriate biological compound (glucose oxidase or catalase) must be immobilized on the chemosensor. Different optical sensors are also used as transducer elements for the production of biosensors, especially of immuno-sensors. Here the affinity component is immobilized on the tip of the fiber and all available immuno-sensing assays can be performed using this transducer element. Since these sensors cannot be sterilized and used for on-line monitoring in a bioprocess we refer to other publications [25-27]. 

Riedel K (1998) Application of biosensors to environmental samples. In Ramsay G (ed) Commercial biosensors application to clinical, bioprocess and environmental samples. WUey, New York, pp 267-294... 

Biosensors Enzymatic analysis of components and products from bioprocesses is widely utilized because this type of analysis is both selective and sensitive. To use enzymes for the automatic analysis and instrumentation of bioprocesses, various sensors using enzymatic reactions, the so-called "biosensors, have been... 

A. Mulchandani and O. A. Sadik, eds., Chemical and Biological Sensors for Environmental Monitoring Biosensors (Washington. DC American Chemical Society, 2000) D. Diamond, ed., Principles of Chemical and Biological Sensors (New York Wiley, 1998) A. Cunningham, Introduction to Bioanalytical Sensors (New York Wiley, 1998) G. Ramsay, Commercial Biosensors Applications to Clinical, Bioprocess, and Environmental Samples (New York Wiley, 1998) ... 

This special volume on bioanalysis and biosensors for bioprocess monitoring has a twofold target. 

Entrapment of enzymes and cells has played an important role in developing bioprocesses. Applications of entrapment technology to biosensors and bioanalysis have mainly been focused on udlizadon of cells and, to a smaller extent, on enzymes (24). Combining covalent coupling and entrapment cross-links enzymes and inert protein to form a protein membrane that covers the sensitive part of the electrode dp in bioanalytical applications (25). Entrapping enzyme aggregates is another variadon of this methodology (26). 

Ramsay, G. Commercial Biosensors. Applications to Clinical, Bioprocess, and Environmental Samples, John Wiley Sons, Inc., (1998). 

Biosensors for bioprocess monitoring 11.2.5 Control of substrate concentrations... 

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