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Achievability

To use Equation (13), it is first necessary to calculate the true fugacity coefficient (ft. This calculation is achieved by utilizing the Lewis fugacity rule... [Pg.33]

Next, and more difficult, is the calculation of the true mole fraction This calculation is achieved by simultaneous... [Pg.34]

The most reliable estimates of the parameters are obtained from multiple measurements, usually a series of vapor-liquid equilibrium data (T, P, x and y). Because the number of data points exceeds the number of parameters to be estimated, the equilibrium equations are not exactly satisfied for all experimental measurements. Exact agreement between the model and experiment is not achieved due to random and systematic errors in the data and due to inadequacies of the model. The optimum parameters should, therefore, be found by satisfaction of some selected statistical criterion, as discussed in Chapter 6. However, regardless of statistical sophistication, there is no substitute for reliable experimental data. [Pg.44]

Both vapor-liquid flash calculations are implemented by the FORTRAN IV subroutine FLASH, which is described and listed in Appendix F. This subroutine can accept vapor and liquid feed streams simultaneously. It provides for input of estimates of vaporization, vapor and liquid compositions, and, for the adiabatic calculation, temperature, but makes its own initial estimates as specified above in the absence (0 values) of the external estimates. No cases have been encountered in which convergence is not achieved from internal initial estimates. [Pg.122]

Second card FORMAT(8F10.2), control variables for the regression. This program uses a Newton-Raphson type iteration which is susceptible to convergence problems with poor initial parameter estimates. Therefore, several features are implemented which help control oscillations, prevent divergence, and determine when convergence has been achieved. These features are controlled by the parameters on this card. The default values are the result of considerable experience and are adequate for the majority of situations. However, convergence may be enhanced in some cases with user supplied values. [Pg.222]

Solution A study of the stoichiometry of the three paths shows that this can be achieved by combining path 2 and path 3 to obtain a fourth path. [Pg.17]

If a reaction is reversible, there is a maximum conversion that can be achieved, the equilibrium conversion, which is less than 1.0. Fixing the mole ratio of reactants, temperature, and pressure fixes the equilibrium conversion. ... [Pg.25]

For batch reactors, account has to be taken of the time required to achieve a given conversion. Batch cycle time is addressed later. [Pg.26]

Keep one of the concentrations high while maintaining the other low (this is achieved by charging one of the feeds as the reaction progresses). [Pg.30]

For all reversible secondary reactions, deliberately feeding BYPRODUCT to the reactor inhibits its formation at the source by shifting the equihbrium of the secondary reaction. This is achieved in practice by separating and recycling BYPRODUCT rather than separating and disposing of it directly. [Pg.38]

Multiple reactions in series producing byproducts. For the series reaction system in Eq. (2.18), the series reaction is inhibited by low concentrations of PRODUCT. It has been noted already that this can be achieved by operating with a low conversion. [Pg.38]

This is an endothermic reaction accompanied by an increase in the number of moles. High conversion is favored by high temperature and low pressure. The reduction in pressure is achieved in practice by the use of superheated steam as a diluent and by operating the reactor below atmospheric pressure. The steam in this case fulfills a dual purpose by also providing heat for the reaction. [Pg.44]

Tubular reactors, as previously stated, are also advantageous for high-pressure reactions where smaller-diameter cylindrical vessels can be used to allow thinner vessel walls. Tubular reactors should be avoided when carrying out multiphase reactions, since it is often difficult to achieve good mixing between phases. [Pg.55]

Now we consider some of the methods by which such separations can be achieved. A comprehensive survey is beyond the scope of this text, and many good surveys are already available. ... [Pg.68]

For a heterogeneous or multiphase mixture, separation usually can be achieved by phase separation. Such phase separation should be carried out before any homogeneous separation. Phase separation tends to be easier and should be done first. [Pg.92]

Achieving complete conversion of FEED to PRODUCT in the reactor usually requires an extremely long residence time, which is normally uneconomic (at least in continuous processes). Thus, if there is no byproduct formation, the initial reactor conversion is set to be around 95 percent, as discussed in Chap. 2. The reactor effluent thus contains unreacted FEED and PRODUCT (Fig. 4.1a). [Pg.95]

What is the minimum selectivity of decane which must be achieved for profitable operation The values of the materials involved together with their molecular weights are given in Table 4.1. [Pg.102]

The use of excess reactants, diluents, or heat carriers in the reactor design has a significant effect on the flowsheet recycle structure. Sometimes the recycling of unwanted byproduct to the reactor can inhibit its formation at the source. If this can be achieved, it improves the overall use of raw materials and eliminates effluent disposal problems. Of course, the recycling does in itself reuse some of the other costs. The general tradeoffs are discussed in Chap. 8. [Pg.126]

Whether heat integration is restricted to the separation system or allowed with the rest of the process, integration always benefits from colder reboiler streams and hotter condenser streams. This point is dealt with in more general terms in Chap. 12. In addition, when column pressures are allowed to vary, columns with smaller temperature differences are easier to integrate, since smaller changes in pressure are required to achieve suitable integration. This second point is explained in more detail in Chap. 14. [Pg.146]

However, care should be taken not to ignore practical constraints when setting To achieve a small ATmi in a design requires... [Pg.166]

In other words, to achieve the energy target set by the composite curves, the designer must not transfer heat across the pinch by... [Pg.169]

These rules are both necessary and sufficient to ensure that the target is achieved, providing the initialization rule is adhered to that no individual heat exchanger should have a temperature difference smaller than... [Pg.169]


See other pages where Achievability is mentioned: [Pg.6]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.100]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.142]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.166]   


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ALARA Achievable

Absolute combustion maximum achievable fuel

Academic achievement

Academic achievement attainment

Acceptable risk achievement

Accident prevention, achievement

Achievability condition

Achievability constraints

Achievability denial

Achievability limits

Achievability method

Achievability region

Achievability using CSTRs

Achievable

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Achievements APCI)

Achievements capillary electrophoresis

Achievements capillary zone electrophoresis

Achievements electrospray ionisation

Achievements in Capillary Gas Chromatography

Achievements in Combinatorial Biosynthesis

Achievements in Topological and Supramolecular Stereochemistry

Achievements obstacles

Achievements to Date

Achievers

Achievers

Achieving Better Sensitivity, Less Noise and Fewer Artifacts in NMR Spectra

Achieving Compliance with OELs

Achieving Coordination in Practice

Achieving DET of MCO by Rational Design

Achieving Excellence in Production

Achieving Market-Driven Capabilities

Achieving Metrological Traceability

Achieving Neutrality with Titrations and Buffers

Achieving Regioselective Coupling with Aniline Monomers

Achieving Regioselective Coupling with Pyrrole Monomers

Achieving Strategic Fit

Achieving Zero

Achieving a Balance of Properties

Achieving a Holistic Web in the Chemistry Curriculum

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Antibody penetration achieving

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Approaches to achieve plant transportability and rapid site assembly

BAT economically achievable

Background correction Methods achieving Zeeman effect

Best available technology economically achievable

Best available treatment economically achievable

Challenges to Achieving and Maintaining Strategic Fit

Characteristic Time to Achieve Equilibrium in the Gas-Particle Interface

Characteristics, achieving specified

Chemical energy self-assembly achieved

Chemical solution deposition achievements

Chemotherapy practical achievements

Chiral separations achieved

Compaction achieved

Comparison of properties achieved in rubber-clay nanocomposites

Conciseness achieving

Development and achievement

Different polymer architectures achieved by step polymerization

EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Early Achievements

Early Achievements—Purple Membrane Topographs

Educational achievement

Efficient Guest-binding Achieved through Allosteric Effects

Efficient mixing, achieving

Energy conservation (achieved through

Engineered processes to achieve

Environmental Actions Achieve Results

Examples of Relay Metatheses Thwarted in Achieving the Desired Outcome

Experience of achievement

Feed-forward control strategy simulation results of set vs achieved

First-Principles Modeling of Binary Chalcogenides Recent Accomplishments and New Achievements

Flowing Versus Stagnant Systems - Achieving Spatial, Temporal, and Mechanistic Resolution

Functional Group Interconversions. Their Role in Achieving Synthetic Goals

General Requirements for Achieving Safety Goals

Goals achieving

Good Achievement of the Explosive Burn

Guidelines for Achieving Well-Established Projects

HOW TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS

High mobility channel materials achievements

How to achieve a clear, readable style

Interaction energy achieving

Is not achieved

Key scientific advances - achieved and needed

Kinetic Conditions in Order to Achieve a Satisfactory Redox Titration Reaction

Kinetics and postcure reactions mechanism in PUs achieved with excess of NCO groups

Liquefaction achievable degree

Lowest achievable emission rate

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MACT (maximum achievable control

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Magnetic field, achievement

Management achievements

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Mechanisms by Which Histone Modifications Achieve Transcriptional Regulation

Methods achieving Zeeman effect

Microencapsulation achievements

Minimum achievable temperature

Mixing achieving

Motivation achievement orientation need

Nanostructuring Electrodes to Achieve Intimate Connectivity with Biomolecules

New Insights Achieved Since

Operating defects while pumping with gas ballast Potential sources of error where the required ultimate pressure is not achieved

Other Ways of Achieving Crosslinking

Outcome achievement

Pathways to Achieve CB Countermeasures

Pathways to Achieve Physical Protection

Pattern definition, achieving

Personal achievers

Phase II Achieving safety throughout the organization

Phase separation achievement

Planar anchoring achievement

Plant scientists, achievements

Principal Types of Motion Achievable by a Muscle and its Antagonists

Process Intensification Achieved Through the Use of Flow Reactors

Progressive Achievement Test

Project Achieve

Radiation area achievable)

Radiation regulations achievable)

Reactor achievable, chemical

Reasonable Achievable Control

Recognizing Safety Achievements

Recovery achievable

Removing Barriers to Achievement

Resolution highest achieved

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Routes to achieving fire and heat protection

SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE ACHIEVING STRATEGIC FIT AND SCOPE

Safety improvement achieving

Scale achievement

Scholastic achievement

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Small drug molecules, achieved

Smart textiles achievements

Social workers achievements

Solar Panel Orientation Requirements to Achieve Optimum Power from the Sun

Some Safety Culture Achievements during the 2 Years

Specific power, fuel cell performances achieved

Standard guaranteed achievement

Strain rate experimentally achieved

Strategy and Achievements

TEAM (Together Everyone Achieves

Tailored Nanoparticles for Clean Technology - Achieving Size and Shape Control

Technical achievements

The Achievement in Biological Warfare Research

The Achievement of Separation

The achievements and limitations

Three steps to achieving bluesign standard

To achieve additional interactions

Together Everyone Achieves More

Under-achieving

Use of Short-Lived Reactive Species Achieved by High-Resolution Reaction Time Control

Viscosity reducers results achieved

Wettability achieving good

Wettability alteration achieving

What Has Been Achieved in Cancer Proteomics

What can a safety coach achieve

Wide Range Achievement Test

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