Strategy and Achievements

Whatever the beauty of the resolved systems discussed above, it should be noticed that the enantiomers obtained after resolution are not topological enantiomers but classical geometrical diastereomers. In each case, a rigid chiral function 

Resolution using chiral supports in HPLC turned out to be successful for the separation of chiral catenates [135, 136], Unfortunately, this technique seemed to be inappropriate to the resolution of the knot. 

Our template synthesis of knots implies that the target molecules are obtained as cationic dicopper(I) complexes. Therefore we considered the possibility of interconverting both enantiomers into a pair of diastereomeric salts [137, 138] by combining them with an optically active anion. Binaphthyl phosphate (BNP ) [139] drew our attention because its chirality arises from the binaphthyl core, which is twisted. This helical structure is of the same type as that of die copper double helix, precursor of the knot. Besides, both compounds are aromatic and, thus, we could expect some potentially helpful stacking interactions [87], 

These structural similarities should enable strong interactions between the two moieties, possibly leading to a marked differentiation of the properties of both diastereomers (e.g. their solubility), making their resolution possible by selective crystallization. 

To introduce the chiral auxiliary, a labile anion, unlike the classical BFJ or PF which cannot be exchanged, is required. Preliminary studies showed the triflate to be appropriate. We introduced it during the formation step of the double helix. One equivalent of copper ) triflate was added to the bischelating diphenolic strand in a reductive medium. H NMR showed that the dinuclear copper dou- 

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In order to better protect human health and the environment from the hazards of POPs, the Government of Indonesia has developed the National Implementation Plan (NIP). The objective of developing the NIP was not only to adhere to Indonesia s commitment as a signatory of the Stockholm Convention (Article 7) but also to unify the existing POP management strategies and achieve cooperation among all national stakeholders. 

Nadel, S., and Latham, L. (1998). The Role of Market Transformation Strategies in Achieving a More Sustainable Energy Future. Washington, DC American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. 

As a preamble to looking at some of these specific problems, it is worth reiterating effective control strategies are achieved through the planned avoidance of problems and understanding cause-and-effect relationships. 

Suppose there are two parallel, first-order reactions in a steady-state CSTR. Show that neither the fed-batch nor fast-fill-and-hold strategies can achieve a bumpless startup if the reactions have different rate... 

In order to control food color, underlying mechanisms cansing variation in color must be understood. Three types of colorants can be distinguished from the perspective of quality and safety control natural colorants, formed colorants, and color additives. Depending on the type of colorant, specific strategies are required to control dynamics of colorants and achieve constant qnality in terms of safety, desired color, appearance, and health (Section 7.1.3). The extent to which underlying food color-affecting mechanisms are understood determines how well the quality of food color can be predicted. 

Ensuring the achievement of quahty health services dehvery to the pubhc in a safe, accessible and effective manner through the control of the manufacture, distribution, storage, and dispensing of both human and animal medicines throughout Zimbabwe at a sustainable cost. Corporate Strategy and Plan 1999-2001. 

A mbros It could be a peculiarity of C. elegans. The animal is relatively simple and develops rapidly, so it must employ strategies to optimize developmental fidelity given its small number of cells and short time to develop. Cell cycle dependent cell fate commitment could be one strategy to achieve precision with limited cells to work with and limited developmental time. 

Polymer production technology involves a diversity of products produced from even a single monomer. Polymerizations are carried out in a variety of reactor types batch, semi-batch and continuous flow stirred tank or tubular reactors. However, very few commercial or fundamental polymer or latex properties can be measured on-line. Therefore, if one aims to develop and apply control strategies to achieve desired polymer (or latex) property trajectories under such a variety of conditions, it is important to have a valid mechanistic model capable of predicting at least the major effects of the process variables. 

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