Characteristics, achieving specified

FnnctiQnal configuration audits (as needed for components, snbsystems, and the system) shall be completed by the enterprise to verify that prodncts have achieved reqnirranmts that they satisfy the characteristics as specified in specifications, interface specifications, and oth baseline docnmentation and that test plans and procednres were complied with. 

Usability has been defined differently in several standards [1], [2], [3]. Each of these standards emphasizes somewhat different sets of usability factors, such as effectiveness, efficiency, learnability, or user satisfaction. Thus, a more comprehensive model of usability should include both process-related and product-related usability characteristics such as effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, security, and learnability. Moreover, Usability is a generally relative measure of whether a software product enables a particular set of users to achieve specified goals in a specified context of use [4]. 

Theoiy related to material characteristics states that a minimum quantity of sample is predicated as that amount required to achieve a specified limit of error in the sample-taking process. Theoiy of sampling in its apphcation acknowledges sample preparation and testing as additional contributions to total error, but these error sources are placed outside consideration of sampling accuracy in theoiy of sample extraction. 

These are the characteristics which need to be specified and their achievement controlled, assured, improved, managed, and demonstrated. These are the characteristics which form the subject matter of the specified requirements referred to in ISO 9000. When the value of these characteristics is quantified or qualified they are termed quality requirements or requirements for quality. ISO 8402 1994 defines requirements for quality as an expression of the needs or their translation into a set of quantitatively or qualitatively stated requirements for the characteristics of an entity to enable its realization and examination. While rather verbose, this definition removes the confusion over quality requirements and technical requirements. (An additional definition is provided in Appendix A.) Technical requirements for a product or service are quality requirements. The requirements of ISO 9000 are quality system requirements. 

Produce plans for control which specify the means by which the characteristics will be achieved and variation detected and removed. 

Generically there are two types of requirements defining requirements and verification requirements. Defining requirements specify the features and characteristics required of a product, process, or service. (Within the standard these are termed specified requirements.) These may be wholly specified by the customer or by the supplier or a mixture of the two. Verification requirements specify the requirements for verifying that the defining requirements have been achieved and again may be wholly specified by the customer or by the supplier or a mixture of the two. With verification requirements, how-... 

Those factors upon which the achievement of specified objectives depend. For product and service quality they are also referred to as qualify characteristics. 

Program SIMCAL was expressly written to allow these sorts of what-if questions to be explored, with realistic intercepts, slopes, signal noise, digitizer characteristics, and economical factors specified, so one can get a feeling for the achieved precision and the costs this implies. 

The relative sizes of batch equipment are specified by means of size factors Shj for a hypothetical product. The production requirements and characteristics of each product are converted to the equivalent data for the hypothetical product and the equipment sized to achieve the required production of the hypothetical product. The method proceeds in three steps (I) calculation of exact equipment sizes for a fixed number of units of the same size mj, (2) conversion of exact equipment sizes to standard sizes, and (3) choice of mj. 

The method used for the safe installation of pressure relief devices is illustrated in Figure 8-1. The first step in the procedure is to specify where relief devices must be installed. Definitive guidelines are available. Second, the appropriate relief device type must be selected. The type depends mostly on the nature of the material relieved and the relief characteristics required. Third, scenarios are developed that describe the various ways in which a relief can occur. The motivation is to determine the material mass flow rate through the relief and the physical state of the material (liquid, vapor, or two phases). Next, data are collected on the relief process, including physical properties of the ejected material, and the relief is sized. Finally, the worst-case scenario is selected and the final relief design is achieved. 

A performance standard states requirements in terms of required results with criteria for verifying compliance but without stating the methods of achieving required results. A performance standard may define the functional requirements for the item, operational requirements, and/or interface and interchangeability characteristics. A performance standard may be viewed in juxtaposition to a prescriptive standard, which may specify design requirements, such as materials to be used, how a requirement is to be achieved, or how an item is to be fabricated or constructed (Office of Management and Budget 1998). 

Mixes in both low- and high-cement-content classes are more prone to problems than the medium range. In low-cement-content mixes, poor cohesion results in segregation and in high-cement-content mixes thixotropy causes pipeline friction. Admixtures will modify the flow characteristics of the paste, helping to achieve and maintain optimum flow characteristics. Because pumped concrete must not only meet specified job performance criteria (e. g. strength, freeze-thaw resistance) but should also remain stable under a variety of job conditions, particularly in hot and cold weather, it is common to find that concrete to be pumped often contains two or more types of admixtures. 

Figure 2-312 depicts an SLC adapted to different system acquisition strategies and software development models. It is focused on software engineering key practices. It does not specify or discourage the use of any particular software development method. The acquirer determines which of the activities outlined by the standard will be conducted, and the developer is responsible for selecting methods that support the achievement of contract requirements. A modifiable framework must be tailored to the unique characteristics of each project. It includes the following periods ... 

Equivalence is meant to be a demonstration of a specified statistical confidence that two compounds can achieve the same characteristics. It often has been used to describe the same outcome or endpoint frequency in clinical trials. Equivalence is not a comparative evaluation of similarity between different manufacturing methods of the same product or necessarily a comparison of extremely similar products. Equivalence also is a difficult statistical assurance to reach in a clinical trial, and therefore it is an extreme standard for comparison of manufacturing processes. 

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