Achieving Zero

In UK construction, the achievement of zero has been positioned variously against various methods of quantification, including time-scales, targets and ratings. 

Measurement by time constructs zero as a tangible target with a future year assigned to the achievement of zero by the corporate voice, for example the first incarnation of Balfour Beatty s Zero Harm promised this  

But using time as the measure does of course become a big problem should the year be reached and the target not be achieved. Despite making significant improvements in overall safety performance, Balfour Beatty did not achieve Zero Harm by 2012, and indeed have since revised its programme, omitting any timescale from its strapline. 

At the time you think it s a massive ask, but we ve got years to achieve it in. .. especially the way our accident figure have gone since we started. 

It s just a further step change from there. .. more of a mind thing. 

---

Universal anti-Rh sera deprived of anti-A or B-antibodies were prepared by contacting A and B-immunoadsorbents with human blood sera. To achieve zero titer in the Coombs agglutination test a portion of immunoadsorbent (80-160 mg) proportional to the initial serum titer (1 8-1 64, 1 ml) is required. The incorporation of A-immunoadsorbent into anti-B sera did not interfere with their titer and vice versa, Under the same circumstances an anti-Rh serum titer is lowered by one step or remains unchanged [125], Properties of this composite sorbent are therefore promising for its use in extracorporal hemisorption processes. 

If a polyatomic ion must be increased to achieve zero charge, parentheses should be used. An example of this is shown as ... 

The impressive increase in the ee values achieved in stoichiometric reactions compared to those in catalytic runs strongly indicates that the configuration at the metal correlates with the stereochemistry of the catalytic outcome only if (R, Rc)-9 and (Sj, Rc)-9 diverge in enantioselection, it is possible to achieve zero ee working with / jr,/ c/5ir,/ c mixtures and up to 93.5% ee using pure (Sir,Rc)-9 as catalyst. 

Figure 21 Refinery wastewater recycle/zero liquid discharge scheme. Pretreatment and reverse osmosis are used to recycle water, and brine concentrator and crystallizer are used to treat the rejects to achieve zero liquid discharge. (From Ref. 78.)...

Materials that achieve zero oxygen balance, pan detonate, and present the greatest hazard are along the base line... 

It is clear that the aim of pharmaceutical research is to achieve zero defects and zero batch rejections, and this can be verified by process validation. One must bear in mind that exhaustive finished testing of product is not a substitute for in-process controls and process validation. 

M.A Cook, USP 3155554(1964) CA 62, 3877(1965) [Liquid-blanketed chlorate or perchlorate blasting agents are prepd by mixing Na chlorate or perchlorate particles (or their mixts with other oxidizers such as nitrates) with.liq fuels (such as fuel oil, benzene, toluene, nitromethane, 2-nitropro-pane, o-MNT, DNT, etc). The solids are introduced into a borehole and then the liquid fuel (in amt required to achieve zero O balance") is poured over solids to cover them]... 

Charge Reversal and Variation of the IEP(s) by Specific Adsorption (44). To achieve zero charge in the presence of a specifically adsorbed ionic species, the pH must be shifted away from the IEP(s) to increase or decrease hydrogen ion adsorption, whichever is appropriate. The new pH at which zero charge is observed is of course not an IEP(s). 

The IEP(s) characteristic of the hydroxylated surface is the pH at which the hydrogen ion adsorption density on the hydroxylated surface sites alone is zero. To achieve zero total charge when 07 5 0, however, Yh must be increased by adjusting the pH toward the acid side of the IEP(s) until eVH = —07 hence the ZPC is smaller than the IEP(s). 

A case history is presented. It focuses on several points chemical treatment, ion exchange treatment, and mechanical treatment as a means for achieving zero pollutant discharge, design and operating experiences, costs and some alternatives. 

Solubility enhancement. Developing CR formulations of poorly soluble drugs could be challenging at time, yet there are some benefits. For moderately insoluble compounds, the corresponding release of drug molecules was found to be similar to that of HPMC.47 As discussed earlier, it can be straightforward to develop hydrophilic matrices for such molecules to achieve zero-order release because polymer release now can be calculated accurately based on the spaghetti model. 

Deterministic Responses. Prevention of deterministic responses is a basic principle of health protection for both radionuclides and hazardous chemicals the goal is to achieve zero probability of such responses. Incidence is the primary measure of deterministic response for any hazardous substance, although prompt fatalities also are of concern at sufficiently high doses. In risk assessments and in establishing deterministic dose limits, no adjustments are made to take into account, for example, the relative severity of different responses with regard to consequent reductions in the quality of life. 

The key to doing process analysis is the identification of the equations that may be used to achieve zero degrees of freedom. These equations will come from a number of sources, including the balance equations themselves (Equations (1) and (19)), process specifications (such as the purity of output streams and the reflux ratio), physical relations (such as the definition of enthalpy for liquid and vapour streams) and other constraints imposed by the problem. Once a full set of equations has been developed, the equations can be solved, usually with little difficulty, and the desired results obtained. 

A wide variety of drag delivery systems have been developed to achieve zero-order controlled release and are discussed further in the relevant chapters. 

Oral drag delivery offers the potential to achieve zero-order controlled release. As described in Section 1.5.1, controlled release offers the further advantages of ... 

Fuji Xerox established a regional integrated recycling system covering nine countries in Asia. The centralised recycling centre was established in Thailand with a view to ultimately achieve zero emission. 

The use of biomass (residues), when co-fired (e.g., with coal) and coupled to subsequent carbon sequestration, might be an important technical option for achieving zero emission and, potentially, a net reduction of atmospheric C02. 

In case of leakage compensation, there is a strong tendency to achieve zero leakage for economical reasons. But very low leakage enclosures (and without a heat exchanger to remove internal thermal losses) tend to exceed the maximum pressure differential, e.g. of 300 Pa (=3.0mbar) during operation under load. 

---