Wide Range Achievement Test

Wide Range Achievement Test The Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) is used in children from age five years to adults in college. It assesses basic skills in reading, spelling, and mathematics. It is simple, easy to administer, and requires 20 to 30 minutes to complete. 

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), reading section of Wide Range Achievement Test-revised (WRAT-R)... 

Cincinnati child cohort Neurodevelopmental test battery at 15-17 years Wide Range Achievement Test— Third Edition, Block Design Subtest and WISC-III, vocabulary subtest PbB mean, 78 months Significant inverse association between Learning/IQ Factor and fine-motor factor scores and 78-month PbBs lower SES children more affected Ris et al. (2004)... 

U.S. NHANES III (1988-1994) children 6-16 years old (N = 4,853) Reading and mathematics skills via Wide Range Achievement Test— Revised PbB mean = 1.9 (ig/dl 63% <2.5 i,g/dl. Community exposures Reading and mathematics scores inversely related to highest (>3 ig/ dl) versus lowest (< 1 pg/dl) quartiles Lanphear et al. (2000)... 

It is again clear that the two benefits of increased sensitivity and better resolution are both achieved, where these arise from zone compression and phase selectivity, respectively. However, since this mode of analysis is relatively new, it has yet to be tested for a wide range of applications such studies will be required to fully demonstrate its general utility. It is unclear whether this operational mode of selective MDGC constitutes a mode which is consistent with the definition of comprehensive... 

The first asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reactions were reported by Enders and co-workers utilising triazolium salt pre-catalyst 125. Treatment of substrate 123 generated 1,4-dicarbonyl compound 124 in good yield and enantioselectivity [56]. These salicylaldehyde-derived substrates 123 have since become the standard test substrates for the development of new catalysts for the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. Bach and co-workers have achieved moderate enantioselectivities using axially-chiral thiazolium pre-catalyst 126 [41], whilst Miller and co-workers have developed peptidic thiazolium pre-catalyst 127 [57]. In 2005, Rovis and coworkers showed that the NHCs derived from triazolium salts 128-130 were excellent catalysts for the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction of a wide range of substrates, giving typically excellent yields and enantioselectivities [58]. The iV-pentafluorophenyl catalyst 129 currently represents the state of the art in asymmetric Stetter reactions (Scheme 12.24) [59]. 

Henry and McUmber (1977) reported on the systems R-22 -water and R-22-oil. They constructed an apparatus in which R-22 could be poured into water or mineral oil at various ambient pressures controlled by the pressure of argon gas in the system. Separate units were used for the water and oil tests. They demonstrated that they could achieve thermal explosions at 1 bar, in agreement with earlier tests (see Section VII). However, no such events were observed at system pressures of 2.2 or 8 bar even though the hot liquid temperature was varied over a wide range. 

As well as achieving a total phase out of PVC, H M have restricted the use of APEs, organotins, azo dyes, bisphenol A, BFRs, phthalates and a wide range of heavy metals, as well as chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. They stipulated a clear set of criteria to all their suppliers, used testing to ensure compliance and relied on their suppliers and chemical formulatorsto provide alternatives. 

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