Oxidizing agent, oxidant

F2 has the most positive standard reduction potential and therefore is the strongest of all common oxidizing agents. Oxidizing strengths of the diatomic halogen molecules decrease down Group 7A. 

In iodometry, an equivalent amount of iodine is liberated when the given sample of an oxidizing agent oxidizes potassium iodide in an acidic medium, for example the determination of cupric sulphate (CuS04) ... 

The rhodium complexes cis- and irans-[Rh(eda)2(N02 )X]+, where X = N02, or ON , photoreact (182) with dioxygen in aqueous solution to form monomeric [Rh(eda)2(H20)(02)]2+ and dimeric complexes. These complexes act as one-electron oxidizing agents, oxidizing 1 to I2 and Fe11 to Fe111. 

Many of the reactions with hydrazines are complicated multistep sequences which sometimes require the presence of an oxidizing agent. Oxidizing capability can come from adventitious 02, sacrificial reduction of the metal or the hydrazine itself (equations 134-136). 

The potassium nitrate is an oxidizing agent. Oxidizing agents are chemicals that can supply oxygen atoms needed for combustion, or burning. 

After the dyeing process, the material is usually rinsed with water to remove unfixed dye and decrease the alkalinity of the liquor. Depending on the oxidizing agent, oxidation is carried out at pH 9-12 and 50-60°C. 

Nitration offers a method of making unreactive paraffins into reactive substances without cracking. Because nitric acid and nitrogen oxides are strong oxidizing agents, oxidation always accompanies nitration. Aromatic nitration reactions have been important particularly for the manufacture of explosives. Nitrobenzene is probably the most important nitration product. 

The tri-chlorine substitution product of methane is the common and very important anesthetic chloroform. It may be made by the method referred to, viz., by the direct chlorination of methane. This method is not, however, a practical one. The industrial preparation is from alcohol or acetone, by treatment with chlorine and an alkali. In the reaction with alcohol the chlorine acts, first, as an oxidizing agent, oxidizing the alcohol to aldehyde. The chlorine then acts as a substituting agent forming a tri-chlorine substitution product of the aldehyde. This tri-chlor aldehyde is then decomposed by the alkali and chloroform results. The steps in this reaction have been definitely proven, as follows ... 

Davis, F. A., Jenkins, R., Jr., Yocklovich, S. G. 2-Arenesulfonyl-3-aryloxaziridines a new class of aprotic oxidizing agents (oxidation of organic sulfur compounds). Tetrahedron Lett. 1978,5171-5174. 

When molecular oxygen is the oxidizing agent, oxidation of sulfides and sulfur compounds by thiobacteria, which are all aerobic, can speed up oxidation rates by many orders of magnitude over the inorganic rates (Karamenko 1969). 

It is interesting to see that chromate ions, CrO, which are strongly hard in the Lewis base and an oxidizing agent, oxidize the iron atoms or ferrous ions on the metallic iron surface and reduce the chromate ions themselves forming a passive film of chromic-ferric oxide, which is extremely thin and highly corrosion resistive ... 

In the conversion of a planar tetracovalent compound to a hexacovalent compound, the two added groups usually occupy trans positions in the resulting octahedron. Thus, oxidation of cis- or frans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) with chlorine results in formation of the corresponding isomers of tetrachlorodiammineplatinum(IV). Aqua regia,potassium permanganate, ozone, and nitric acid have also been used as oxidizing agents. Oxidation with chlorine, which is convenient and yields a pure product, is employed here. 

Action of Oxidizing Agents. Oxidizing agents attack pectin differently. En-diols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide are especially active (5). The oxidation by periodic acid is the smaller, the higher the acetyl content of the pectic substance (25). Sodium chlorite and chlorine dioxide, however, do not affect pectins (2S). 

The answer is C. Oxidizing agents oxidize other compounds they do not reduce This mles out Choice D. Choice B does not make any sense either. The alkyne is not being reduced to an alkane, but is being reduced to an alkene. This is not the most reduced form. Choice A is incorrect. The function of quinoline is to moderate the activity of the catalyst so that the double bonded alkenes that are formed will not undergo further reduction to form alkanes. Moreover, quinoline is not the 432 actual catalyst. 

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