Oxidizing agents silver compounds

Why Do We Need to Know This Material The d-block metals are the workhorse elements of the periodic table. Iron and copper helped civilization rise from the Stone Age and are still our most important industrial metals. Other members of the block include the metals of new technologies, such as titanium for the aerospace industry and vanadium for catalysts in the petrochemical industry. The precious metals—silver, platinum, and gold—are prized as much for their appearance, rarity, and durability as for their usefulness. Compounds of d-block metals give color to paint, turn sunlight into electricity, serve as powerful oxidizing agents, and form the basis of some cancer treatments. 

Oxidation of the complexes [Ag(Py)4][MoF6] and [Ag(Py)2][UF6] in acetonitrile by MoF6 and UF6, respectively, leads to the silver(III) compounds [Ag(Py)4(NCMe)][MoF6]3 and [Ag(Py)2(NC-Me)3][UF6]3, which are strong oxidizing agents.167 Other pyridine silver(III) complexes have been obtained by oxidation of silver nitrate and ammonia with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous... 

The tris(ethylenediamine)ruthenium(III) species is obtained by oxidation of [Ru(en)3]2+ with, for example, iodine4 or bromine.6 The oxidizing agent and conditions employed must be chosen carefully to avoid further oxidation of the ethylenediamine ligand to coordinated diimine.7 In the present procedure solid silver anthranilate is used to oxidize [Ru(en)3] [ZnCl4], and [Ru(en)3] Cl3 is isolated. In this heterogeneous procedure the desired [Ru(en)3]Cl3 is the only soluble product and can easily be separated from the insoluble silver, silver chloride, and zinc dianthranilate. Other less soluble [Ru(en)3]3+ compounds can be obtained easily from the soluble chloride. 

Several other polymer-bound oxidizing reagents have recently been reported in the literature (reaction 14). A polyethyleneimine-supported silver dichromate 35 has been shown to be a stable, mild, and efficient oxidizing agent for the conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds.51 A... 

Phenols are more easily oxidized than alcohols, and a large number of inorganic oxidizing agents have been used for this purpose. The phenol oxidations that are of the most use to the organic chemist are those involving derivatives of 1,2-benzenediol (pyrocate-chol) and 1,4-benzenediol (hydroquinone). Oxidation of compounds of this type with silver oxide or with chromic acid yields conjugated dicarbonyl compounds called quinones. 

Like silver, Co(III) is also a powerful oxidizing agent with E° = 1.82 V. Co(II) in HNO3 has been employed to degrade different organic compounds [70,71,73,74] by using separators to prevent Co electrodeposition. In acidic aqueous media, the oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) has less than 100% current efficiency because it occurs at a more positive potential than water. Cobalt has the advantage over silver in that cobalt chloride complexes are... 

In water, the cuprous ion, Cu+, may not exist in appreciable quantities, for it disproportionates (dismutates) into the cupric ion, Cu2+, and copper metal. Certain very slightly dissociated complexes of univalent copper (for example, Cu(CN)J3 and CuClJ") are stable in aqueous solutions and relatively insoluble cuprous compounds (for example, CuCl, and CU2O) may survive in the presence of water if strong oxidizing agents are not also present. The iodide, Cul, and sulfide, Cu2S, are particularly stable. Aside from the instability of the hydrated Cu+ ion, the chemistry of univalent copper is quite similar to that of univalent silver. 

Although silver carbonate although is not a very powerful oxidizing agent, it is extremely useful for the oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. The silver carbonate condensed on Celite is known as Fetizon s reagent which oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes (e.g. 7.5 is converted into 7.6) and secondary alcohols to ketones. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous route. Powerful oxidizing agent. Mixtures with boron + water are explosive. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of F. See also FLUORIDES and SILVER COMPOUNDS. 

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