Chlorine oxidizing agent

Occasionally, the hypochlorites are used as the chlorinating-oxidizing agent. To determine the equivalent masses of the hypochlorites, they must be made to interact with electrons. On the basis of one electron mole. 

Effect of bleaching agents Chlorinated oxidizing agents carmot be used in enzymatic HDDs, even in the prewash cycle. The residual chlorine level in the washing bath is enough to quickly destroy the enzyme activity. For example, the activity of Novo s protease Alcalase disappears after 5 min at 38°C (100 F) at about 2 ppm available chlorine [10]. 

Organic chemistry demands much from chlorine, both as an oxidizing agent and in substitution, since it often brings many desired properties in an organic compound when substituted for hydrogen, as in one form of synthetic rubber. 

Because of their use in the rubber industry various sulfenamido thiazoles (131) have been prepared. They are obtained in good yields through the oxidation of A-4-thiazoline-2-thiones (130) in aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of an amine or ammonia (Scheme 66) <123, 166, 255, 286, 308, 309). Other oxidizing agents have been proposed (54, 148. 310-313) such as iodine (152), chlorine, or hydrogen peroxide. Disulfides can also be used as starting materials (3141. 

There is a curious irony in the nomination of hypochlorite as an environmentally benign oxidizing agent It comes at a time of increasing pressure to eliminate chlorine and chlorine containing com pounds from the environment to as great a degree as possible Any all inclusive assault on chlorine needs to... 

Alkali metals Moisture, acetylene, metal halides, ammonium salts, oxygen and oxidizing agents, halogens, carbon tetrachloride, carbon, carbon dioxide, carbon disul-flde, chloroform, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide, boric acid, sulfur, tellurium... 

Oxides and hydroxides react with HCl to form a salt and water as in a simple acid—base reaction. However, reactions with low solubiHty or insoluble oxides and hydroxides is complex and the rate is dependent on many factors similar to those for reactions with metals. Oxidizing agents such as H2O2, H2SeO, and V2O3 react with aqueous hydrochloric acid, forming water and chlorine. 

Trilialophenols can be converted to poly(dihaloph.enylene oxide)s by a reaction that resembles radical-initiated displacement polymerization. In one procedure, either a copper or silver complex of the phenol is heated to produce a branched product (50). In another procedure, a catalytic quantity of an oxidizing agent and the dry sodium salt in dimethyl sulfoxide produces linear poly(2,6-dichloro-l,4-polyphenylene oxide) (51). The polymer can also be prepared by direct oxidation with a copper—amine catalyst, although branching in the ortho positions is indicated by chlorine analyses (52). 

Stronger oxidizing agents such as chlorine, bromine, permanganate, chromate, or alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidize thiosulfate quantitatively to... 

Molten sodium cyanide reacts with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates and chlorates with explosive violence. In aqueous solution, sodium cyanide is oxidized to sodium cyanate [917-61 -3] by oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate or hypochlorous acid. The reaction with chlorine in alkaline solution is the basis for the treatment of industrial cyanide waste Hquors (45) ... 

Oxidation. Oxidation is one of the main chemical methods to treat and decompose dyes in wastewater. The oxidation agents used ate chlorine, bleach, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, Fenton s reagent, and potassium permanganate. 

Pyridazine-3,6-diones (diazaquinones) are prepared from cyclic hydrazides by oxidation with lead tetraacetate or other oxidizing agents, such as r-butyl hypochlorite, chlorine or nickel peroxide. 

The diaziridine ring exhibits a surprising stability towards strong oxidizing agents. Diaziridines unsubstituted at both N atoms can be transformed into diazirines by dichromate in acidic solution or by chlorine (Section 5.08.4.3). Radical attack by decomposing peroxide converts (136) to the diaziridinyl radical (137), as evidenced by ESR spectroscopy (76TL4205). 

Diaziridines are also very strong oxidizing agents, even liberating chlorine from hydrochloric acid. The reaction with iodide in acidic solution proceeds almost quantitatively in most cases. The two equivalents of iodine obtained from a diaziridine (151) are of analytical value together with the number of acid equivalents consumed (B-67MI50800). 

Ethylene-propylene (EPDM) Oxidizing agents Dilute acids Amines Water (Mostly any HR fluid) Oils Hot cone, acids Very strong oxidants Fats fatty acids Chlorinated hydrocarbons... 

Cellulose acetate butyrate is not affected by dilute acids and alkalies or gasoline, but chlorinated solvents cause some swelhng. Nylons resist many organic solvents but are attacked by phenols, strong oxidizing agents, and mineral acids. 

OXIDIZING AGENT Coiupound that gives up oxygen easily or removes hydrogen from another compound. It may comprise a gas, e.g. oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, or a chemical which releases oxygen, e.g. a nitrate or perchlorate. A compound that attracts electrons. 

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