Cerium strong oxidizing agents

A predominant feature of the atomic structure of the lanthanide group is the sequential addition of 14 electrons to the 4f subshell (Table 1). The /"electrons do not participate in bond formation and in ordinary aqueous solutions all of the lanthanides exhibit a principal (III) state. The common (III) state confers a similarity in chemical properties to all lanthanide elements. Some of the lanthanides can also exist in the (II) state (Nd, Sm, Eu, Tm, Yh) or in the (IV) state (Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy). Except for Ce(IV), Eu(II), and Yb(II), these unusual lanthanide oxidation states can only be prepared under drastic redox pressure and temperature conditions, and they are not stable in aqueous solutions. Cerium (IV) is a strong oxidizing agent... 

Oxidation states higher than + 3 are exhibited by Ce, Pr, and Tb, but only Ce4+ is stable (kinetically) in water. It is a very strong oxidizing agent in aqueous solution ( ° = 1.74 V) and is used as a volumetric standard in redox titrations. Some of its salts [e.g., cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate, cerium(IV) sulfate] find application in... 

Cerium(IV) ion is a strong oxidizing agent that accepts one electron to produce cerium(III) ion ... 

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (Cerium Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Hexanitratocerate). Ce(N03)4.2NH4N03, mw 548.3, small prismatic yeUow crysts, sol in w ale. Prepd by electrolytic oxidation of cerous nitrate in nitric acid soln, and subsequently mixing solns of cerium nitrate and AN, foUowed by crystn. It is a strong oxidizing agent and a dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials... 

Oxidation-reduction reactions are an important component of chemical analysis. Potassium perman-gante and cerium (IV) solutions can be used as strong oxidizing agents in the analysis of iron, tin, peroxide, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium, and uranium. Potassium dichromate is an oxidizing agent used in the analysis of organic materials in water and wastewater. 

Cerium(IV) ions are strong oxidizing agents in acidic solution, oxidizing arsenious acid to arsenic acid according to the following equation ... 

Cerium is a common, naturally occurring element that is characterized chemically by having two valence states, + 3 and + 4. Ce + is the only nontrivalent rare-earth ion that is stable in an aqueous environment and it is, therefore, a strong oxidizing agent. The + 3 state closely resembles the other trivalent rare earths. 

CAN also served as a useful precursor for the synthesis of cerium(lV) alkoxides and mixed-ligand alkoxide/nitrato complexes. Practical applications include its use as a component of chrome etchant, a material that is used in the production of liquid crystal displays and photomasks. The most important and versatile applications of CAN, however, are those in organic synthesis, where it is used as a strong oxidizing agent, as catalyst in the synthesis of heterocycles (e.g., quinolines, quinoxalines), and as a deprotection agent. 

Dy + (e g., Pr +2.86 V), which make them very strong oxidizing agents. Not even well-defined pseudo-organometalhcs (i.e., alkoxides, amides, and related compounds) of tetravalent lanthanide ions other than 00" + have ever been isolated. Only alkoxides and amides of tetravalent cerium form fairly well-investigated classes of compounds. In contrast, true organocerium(rV) containing Ce-C bonds remain scarce. 

CELTinON (121-75-5) see malathion. CERIUM (7440-45-1) A strong reducing agent. Dust forms explosive mixture with air. Oxidized by moist air pyrophoric thermally unstable spontaneous ignition above 302°F/150°C. The metal or its alloys spark... 

---