Oxidizing agents pretreatment

Another interesting aspect of the RIEX studies to this date Is the potential for precolumn or solution pretreatment oxidation. For solutions contaminated with a mixture of aldlcarb and its metabolites, preoxldatlon to aldlcarb sulfone would allow more efficient base hydrolysis since the degradation rate Is faster for this metabolite (Table VI). Thus oxidizing agents were tested both In solution and on the resin to determine their potential for oxidizing aldlcarb. The strong base anion... 

Chemical pretreatment focuses on bacteria, hardness scale, and oxidizing agents. Chemicals are used to remove, destroy, inhibit, or... 

Prevention of General Corrosion. Proper selection of materials. In design, a metal or alloy that forms a stable passive film should be recommended. A surface pretreatment in oxidized solutions has been adopted for stainless steels and is recommended in many circumstances. The most popular process a 300 min immersion in a 20 vol% nitric acid at 50°C is recommended for some types of stainless steels.21 The environment can be modified in the bulk and should be effective at the interface in adding oxidizing agents, such as nitrite or strong nitric acid, that maintain the passive state on some metals and alloys.8... 

As another variation (19) wine, cognac, etc., are aged and improved by pretreating with ultra-violet light the water used in their preparation. The water may also be aerated or treated with oxidizing agents. The product after addition of the water is sometimes irradiated. 

The overall objective of the work presented in this paper was to investigate the efficiency of high solid enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF of wet-exploded wheat straw combined with the use of low-enzyme loading. The hydrolysis and fermentation tests were carried out with pretreated wheat straw at 14% DM, and an enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g cellulose. The effect of the use of different oxidizing agents (H2O2, O2, and air) in the pretreatment is also presented as a way to improve further the effectiveness of the pretreatment. 

In this study, the temperature for pretreatment was 180-185 °C based on the previous optimization trials. After reaching the desired temperature, the required amount of oxidant [i.e., O2 (12-18 bars), H2O2 solution (35%, v/v), or normal air (12-18 bar)] was injected by over-pressure air supply, and the timing of the reaction was initiated. H2O2 solution was only injected once, whereas three or five times of injection were conducted, respectively, when O2 or air were used as an oxidizing agent. The reaction time was in total 15 min, and the stirrer speed was 1,000 rpm for all pretreatments presented in the paper. 

The effect of different oxidizing agents (H2O2, O2, or air) on the pretreatment of wheat straw pellets by wet explosion was evaluated. For comparison reasons, the pretreatment... 

Fig. 1 Glucose, xylose, and cellobiose yields after 72 h enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw by wet explosion using different oxidizing agents (H2O2, O2, and air). The yields are given as sugar liberated during the hydrolysis per 100 g raw wheat straw. Results are average of triplicates...

D, trifluralin, and other herbicides by photooxidation (Kearney et al. 1987). The process may be used as a waste disposal pretreatment. Herbicides may be removed from wastewaters by pretreatment with oxidizing agents, activated carbon, and biological methods. 

Peracetic acid (PAA) is a powerful oxidizing agent which can be used for pretreating lignocelluloses. This pretreatment can be accomplished at low temperature... 

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