Chlorine based oxidizing agents

If decontamination caimot be left to natural processes, chemical neutralizers or means of physical removal must be employed. In general, the neutralizers are of two types chlorine-based oxidants or strong bases. Some neutralizers have been especially developed for the decontamination of chemical agents. 

When the temperature rises, polyphenylene sulfide can be attacked by hot strong acids and bases, chlorinated solvents, oxidizing agents, halogens, amines. For example, a given grade is unusable after a few months in 10% nitric acid at 90°C. After 1 year at 90°C in 37% hydrochloric acid, the retention of tensile strength is 29%. 

When the temperature rises, polyphenylene sulfide can be attacked by hot strong acids and bases, chlorinated solvents, oxidizing agents, halogens, amines... 

Chlorinated polyether is sold under the tradename of Penton. It has a maximum operating temperature of 225°F (107°C). CPE is resistant to most acids and bases, oxidizing agents, and common solvents. It has the advantage of being able to resist acids at elevated temperatures. It is not resistant to nitric acid above 10% concentration. Refer to Table 2.38 for the compatibility of CPE with selected corrodents. Reference [1] provides a more comprehensive listing. 

Oxides and hydroxides react with HCl to form a salt and water as in a simple acid—base reaction. However, reactions with low solubiHty or insoluble oxides and hydroxides is complex and the rate is dependent on many factors similar to those for reactions with metals. Oxidizing agents such as H2O2, H2SeO, and V2O3 react with aqueous hydrochloric acid, forming water and chlorine. 

Many of these agents are incompatible with acids, bases, reducing agents, and other flammable materials. Some agents, such as chloropicrin (C10-A006) and chlorine trifluoride (C10-A015), are incompatible with oxidizers. Most pulmonary agents react with water to... 

Iodometry is an indirect procedure based on the aforesaid reversible reaction whereby the assay of oxidizing agents, for instance available chlorine in bleaching powder, cupric and ferric salts may be carried out by reducing them with an excess potassium iodide thereby liberating an equivalent quantity of iodine which can be estimated using a standard solution of thiosulphate. 

Chemical resistance is generally good to limited at room temperature versus dilute bases and weak acids, oils, greases, hydrocarbons, certain chlorinated solvents, cosmetics, aldehydes, some alcohols, ketones, esters, glycols. Polyamides are attacked by organic and mineral acids, oxidizing agents, concentrated bases, phenols. 

They are attacked to a greater or lesser degree by concentrated bases and certain dilute bases, chlorine water and strong oxidizing agents, concentrated acids, dilute sulfuric and nitric acids, halogens, certain chlorinated solvents, and amines. 

Similar results were obtained when carbon was oxidized in liquid medium. Carbon in aqueous suspension is attacked by many oxidizing agents, e.g., permanganate (49-32), chromate (52-54), hypochlorite (52, 55), persulfate (52, 56, 57), and bromate ions (52, 56, 57) chlorine (49), dilute nitric acid (52,58), and concentrated nitric acid (28). The neutralization behavior against the four bases used in Table I was studied with a few samples oxidized in liquid medium (45, 46). The same ratio was observed as with the oxygen-treated carbons, except that twice the amount of groups reacting with sodium bicarbonate was found (Table III). 

Chlorine dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent that is not likely to be widely distributed in biological systems or excreted as parent compound. Chlorite may be detected in tissues, blood, urine, and feces, which may serve as an indication of exposure to chlorine dioxide or chlorite. However, no information was located regarding the quantification of exposure based on measured levels of chlorite in biological samples. 

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