Oxidation with chlorine

H2S or CH the latter always contains associated impurities that have taste and odor. Removal of these gases can be accompHshed by adsorption (qv) with activated carbon (qv) oxidation with chlorine, potassium permanganate, or o2one or aeration. 

Anhydrous zinc chloride can be made from the reaction of the metal with chlorine or hydrogen chloride. It is usually made commercially by the reaction of aqueous hydrochloric acid with scrap zinc materials or roasted ore, ie, cmde zinc oxide. The solution is purified in various ways depending upon the impurities present. For example, iron and manganese precipitate after partial neutralization with zinc oxide or other alkah and oxidation with chlorine or sodium hypochlorite. Heavy metals are removed with zinc powder. The solution is concentrated by boiling, and hydrochloric acid is added to prevent the formation of basic chlorides. Zinc chloride is usually sold as a 47.4 wt % (sp gr 1.53) solution, but is also produced in soHd form by further evaporation until, upon cooling, an almost anhydrous salt crystallizes. The soHd is sometimes sold in fused form. 

Reaction of hydra2ine with acetone cyanohydrin gives a disubstituted hydra2ine, which upon oxidation with chlorine water gives 2,2 -a2obisisobutyronitrile [78-67-1] (AIBN), a stable, colorless, crystalline material at room temperature. 

Iodine occurs as iodide ions in brines and as an impurity in Chile saltpeter. It was once obtained from seaweed, which contains high concentrations accumulated from seawater 2000 kg of seaweed produce about 1 kg of iodine. The best modern source is the brine from oil wells the oil itself was produced by the decay of marine organisms that had accumulated the iodine while they were alive. Elemental iodine is produced by oxidation with chlorine ... 

Catalytic oxidation of waste HBr offers a more environmentally friendly recycle alternative than oxidation with chlorine, since catalytic oxidation yields byproduct water (eqn. 5) rather than salt requiring disposal or deep welling. 

Its oxidising character plays a role in all other reactions. Surprisingly, it is thought to form explosive dichlorine oxide with chlorine. It leads to a and very exothermic reaction with disulphur dichloride and detonations with metals potassium, K-Na alloy, magnesium with phosphorus and anhydrous or hydrated hydrazine. 

Platinum(IV) complexes of phosphine and arsine ligands formed by oxidation with chlorine or bromine are well known. Chloro complexes such as ci5-[PtCl2(PEt3)4]2+ can be generated by electrolysis of the platinum(II) complex c -[PtCl2(PEt3)2].433 Similar platinum(IV) complexes... 

Gas phase third-order reactions are rarely encountered in engineering practice. Perhaps the best-known examples of third-order reactions are atomic recombination reactions in the presence of a third body in the gas phase and the reactions of nitric oxide with chlorine and oxygen (2NO T Cl2 -> 2NOC1 2NO + 02 -> 2N02). 

Acyclic ADC compounds, which are more correctly named as derivatives of diazene, are generally prepared from hydrazine derivatives. For example, diethyl azodicarboxylate (Chemical Abstracts name diethyl diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate)5 is prepared from hydrazine by treatment with ethyl chloro-formate followed by oxidation with chlorine in benzene-water.6 Other oxidants which have been used include JV-bromosuccinimide,7 nitric acid,8 inorganic nitrates,9 potassium dichromate,10 silver carbonate on celite,11 and phenyl iodosotrifluoroacetate.12 The hydrazine derivative may also be... 

JPL Chlorinolysis [Jet Propulsion Laboratory] A process for desulfurizing coal by oxidation with chlorine. The sulfur becomes converted to sulfur monochloride, S2C12. Developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology from 1976 to 1981. 

Lightox A photochemical process for destroying organic materials in aqueous solution by oxidation with chlorine, activated by ultraviolet radiation. Developed by the Taft Water Research Center, United States in the 1960s. 

In this method water is pumped into the salt deposit and the saturated salt solution is removed containing 26% salt, 73.5% water, and 0.5% impurities. Hydrogen sulfide is removed by aeration and oxidation with chlorine. Ca, ... 

In the United States and most parts of the world, iodine is obtained com-merciaUy from brine wells. Many subsurface brines have iodine concentrations in the range of 10 to 100 mg/L. Various extraction processes are known including (i) precipitation with silver nitrate, (ii) oxidation with chlorine, and (hi) ion exchange. In the chlorine oxidation process, natural subsurface brine first is acidified with sulfuric acid and then treated with chlorine. Chlorine hberates iodine from the brine solution. Iodine is blown out into a counter-current stream of air. It is dissolved in a solution of hydriodic acid and sulfu-... 

Nitrosyl chloride can be prepared by the reaction of nitric oxide with chlorine ... 

Potassium Tetrachloro-dipyridino-iridite, [Ir "pv2Cl4]K, is formed in the same manner as the mono-pyridino-compound, but on longer heating. The substance occurs in two isomeric forms, one orange-yellow, the other red. On oxidation with chlorine or nitric acid, tetra-chloro-dipyridino-iridium, [Irrvpy2CI4], is produced. It is a crystalline body, and with potassium iodide yields potassium tetrachloro-dipyridino-iridite thus ... 

Preparation of 4-Chloro-4-nitrosoheptane (Oxidation with Chlorine). . 415... 

Thionyl chloride is also formed by the oxidation with chlorine monoxide of sulphur in carbon disulphide or even of carbon disulphide itself,6 and in the interaction of carbonyl chloride with sulphur dioxide at temperatures above 200° C.,... 

Bodenstein has, however, shown that the combination of nitric oxide and oxygen 2N0 + 02 = 2N02 is a homogeneous change which is kinetically of the third order, and the same appears to apply to the combination of nitric oxide with chlorine and with bromine f and to the reaction between nitric oxide and hydrogen. J 2NO + C12 = 2NOC1 2NO + Br2 = 2NOBr 2NO + H2 = N20+H20... 

Nitrosyl chloride has been prepared by passing nitrogen dioxide through moist potassium chloride,1 by the reaction of nitric oxide with chlorine,2 from nitrosylsulfuric acid and sodium chloride,3 and from nitrosylsulfuric acid and dry hydrogen chloride.4... 

To produce sodium chloride from brine, water is pumped into the salt deposit and the saturated salt solution containing 26% salt, 73.5% water, and 0.5% impurities, is removed. Hydrogen sulfide is removed by aeration and oxidation with chlorine. Calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and iron (Fe3+) are precipitated as the carbonates using soda ash and are removed in a settling tank. The brine solution can be sold directly or it can be evaporated to give salt of 99.8% purity. 

Oxidation with chlorine or sodium hypochlorite reduces the tendency of amylose to associate or retrograde. Oxidized starches are used where intermediate viscosity and soft gels are desired, and where the instability of acid-converted starches is unacceptable.76 Oxidized starches are reported to give batters improved adhesion to meat products and are widely used in breaded foods.76 Fuller77 reported that candies made with hypochlorite-oxidized starches gel and dry faster and have increased clarity, longer shelf life and better taste than those made with acid-thinned counterparts. 

Rubidium periodate, RbI04.—When a mixture of rubidium iodate and hydroxide in hot concentrated solution is oxidized with chlorine, the periodate is formed in colourless quadratic crystals isomorphous with those of potassium periodate, and with the density 3-918 at 16° C. At 13° C. its solubility is 0-65 gram in 100 grams of water.18... 

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