Gel-forming agent

Aluminum trichloride, a cheap, abundant waste product of the chemical industry, forms a gel under certain conditions with carbonates and on mixing with alkalies. Laboratory and field tests showed that aluminum trichloride can be used as a gel-forming agent for reducing the permeability of waterconducting channels [673]. 

Hydrogel and water-soluble ointment achieve their consistency by means of different gel-forming agents (gelatin, methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol). Lotions are aqueous suspensions of water-insoluble and solid constituents. 

Alginic acid Linear polymer made of P-1, 4-D-mannuronic and 1-glucuronic acids Extracted from brown algae, the polymer sodium salt and not the free acid or calcium salt dissolves in water Thickening, emulsifying, or gel-forming agent... 

Thickener gel-forming agent food and beer foam stabilizer... 

Carrageenans i, K, y, p, v Red seaweed Gel-forming agent stabilizer protein fiber texturizer milk fat anticoagulant milk clarifying agent... 

Furcellaran Red seaweed Gel-forming agent filler marmalade stabilizer protein precipitation... 

Pectins Plants, mainly apples, citrus, sugar beet Gel-forming agent beer stabilizer... 

Starch Amylose, amylopectin Tubers, grains, some fruits Food filler thickener gel-forming agent, bakery products saccharification to syrups... 

Several methods for a solidification of the electrolyte were proposed, such as addition of gel-forming agents or a large volume of nanosized inert particles. These methods gave fairly good results and it became possible to produce dry versions of DSSCs. 

For pharmacy preparations the (half) synthetic gel forming agents are generally preferred. Caution should be exercised with natural gel forming agents due to the varying quality and the presence of micro-organisms. 

Deinddrfer P, Eremin A, Stannarius R, Davis R, Zentel R (2006) Gelation of smectic liquid crystal phases with photosensitive gel forming agents. Soft Matter 2(8) 693-698. doi 10.1039/b603562k... 

The miniature form of the Clark sensor depicted in Fig. 7.20 contains an anode and a cathode as well as a small electrolyte stock (chloride solution containing gel-forming agents) behind the membrane. The technology for manufacturing such sensors differs from standard microelectronic techniques. It had to be developed especially for sensor applications (Suzuki 2000). 

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