Broads

Best ternary predictions are usually obtained for mixtures having a very broad two-phase region, i.e., where the two partially miscible liquids have only small mutual solubilities. Fortunately, this is the type of ternary that is most often used in commercial liquid-liquid extraction. 

The subsequent representations are probably reliable within the range of data used (always less broad than 200° to 600°K), but they are only approximations outside that range. The functions are, however, always monotonic in temperature, to provide appropriate corrections when iterative programs choose temperature excursions outside the range of data. 

In broad terms, there are two approaches to chemical process design ... 

Before we can proceed with the choice of reactor and operating conditions, some general classifications must be made regarding the types of reaction systems likely to be encountered. We can classify reaction systems into five broad types ... 

Polymerization reactions. There are two broad types of polymerization reactions, those which involve a termination step and those which do not. An example that involves a termination step is free-radical polymerization of an alkene molecule. The polymerization requires a free radical from an initiator compound such as a peroxide. The initiator breaks down to form a free radical (e.g., CH3 or OH), which attaches to a molecule of alkene and in so doing generates another free radical. Consider the polymerization of vinyl chloride from a free-radical initiator R. An initiation step first occurs ... 

This technique is useful not only when the mixture is impossible to separate by conventional distillation because of an azeotrope but also when the mixture is difficult to separate because of a particularly low relative volatility. Such distillation operations in which an extraneous mass-separating agent is used can be divided into two broad classes. 

When a mixture contains components with a broad range of volatilities, either a partial condensation from the vapor phase or a partial vaporization from the liquid phase followed by a simple phase split often can produce an effective separation. This is in essence a single-stage distillation process. However, by its very nature, a single-stage separation does not produce pure products hence further separation of both liquid and vapor streams is often required. 

The mechanism by which nonkey components affect a given separation is more complex in practice than the broad arguments presented here. There are complex interrelationships between the volatility of the key and nonkey components, etc. Although the argument presented is thus not rigorous, it is broadly correct. 

Curran, M. A., Broad-Based Environmental Life Cycle Assessment, Environ. Sci. Technol, 27 430 1993. 

A wide range of equipment is available for the control of emissions of solid particles. These methods are classified in broad terms in Table 11.1. ... 

In addition to battery limits investment, off-site investment is required. This includes all structures, equipment, and services that do not enter directly into the chemical process. Within this broad category there are two major classifications, namely, utilities and service facilities. 

Briliouin zones Electronic theory of metals divides the electronic slates of a metal into a series of broad energy levels known as Briliouin zones. 

CgHftCljOa- A selective growth regulator herbicide for use against broad-leaved plants. White solid m.p. I38°C. 

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics. effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, also against Rickettsiae (typhus fever) and certain other organisms. 

Nelson, O.L., R.W. Krumm, R.S. Fein, D.D. Fuller, G.K. Rightmire and G.E, Ducker (1989), "A broad spectrum, non metallic additive for gasoline and diesel fuels performance in gasoline engines". SAE paper No. 89-0214, fnt. Congress, Detroit, MI. 

Certain key stages in the EIA process have been adopted by many countries. These broad stages reflect what is considered to be good practice within environmental assessment and include ... 

Introduction and Commercial Application The objective of reservoir geology is the description and quantification of geologically controlled reservoir parameters and the prediction of their lateral variation. Three parameters broadly define the reservoir geology of a field ... 

Reservoir fluids are broadly cafegorised using those properties which are easy to measure in the field, namely oil and gas gravity, and the producing gasioil ratio (GOR) which is the volumetric ratio of the gas produced at standard condition of femperature and pressure (STP) fo fhe oil produced at STP. The commonly used units are shown in the following table. 

The slope of the expectation curve indicates the range of uncertainty In the parameter presented a broad expectation curve represents a large range of uncertainty, and a steep expectation curve represents a field with little uncertainty (typical of fields which have much appraisal data, or production history). 

Section 8.2 indicated the ranges of recovery factors which can be anticipated for different drive mechanisms, but these were too broad to use when trying to establish a range of recovery factors for a specifio field. The main techniques for estimating the recovery factor are... 

When an oil or gas field has just been discovered, the quality of the information available about the well stream may be sparse, and the amount of detail put into the process design should reflect this. However, early models of the process along with broad cost estimates are needed to progress, and both design detail and cost ranges narrow as projects develop through the feasibility study and field development planning phases (see Section 12.0 for a description of project phases). 

A novel optimization approach based on the Newton-Kantorovich iterative scheme applied to the Riccati equation describing the reflection from the inhomogeneous half-space was proposed recently [7]. The method works well with complicated highly contrasted dielectric profiles and retains stability with respect to the noise in the input data. However, this algorithm like others needs the measurement data to be given in a broad frequency band. In this work, the method is improved to be valid for the input data obtained in an essentially restricted frequency band, i.e. when both low and high frequency data are not available. This... 

X-ray tubes are used in a broad variety of technical applications the classical application certainly is the radiographic inspection. For the penetration of high-Z materials, relatively high power is required. This lead to the development of X-ray tubes for laboratory and field use of voltages up to 450 kV and cp power up to 4,5 kW. Because of design, performance and reliability reasons, most of these maximum power stationary anode tubes are today made in metal-ceramic technology. 

There has been built a broad range of varieties of the basic tube design already ... 

A broad-band (standard) echographic shot in direction n gives a slice of amplitude ... 

There are basically five NDT methods broadly in use at present in Bangladesh. These are ... 

European R D has two broad objectives - to improve the competitiveness of European Industry, human life and society. 

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