Maximum power

E, eccentricity band, 100000 year O, obliquity band, 41000 year P, precession band, 23000 year H, high variance power V, very high variance power. Maximum correlations in bold characters. (Reproduced with permission from Bout-Roumazeilles ef a/., 1997.)... 

Figure 9.24 Power plot of a photovoltaic cell, f/pi, i the open-circuit cell voltage, the cell voltage at maximum power, ip, the short circuit photocurrent, ip j the photocurrent at maximum power, and the power maximum.

Traction motor Maximum power Maximum torque Internal combustion engine Generator Top speed... 

Current density of cell at short circuit Cell potential difference at maximum power Maximum power density... 

Well below the stopping power maximum, the electronic energy loss of a charged particle can be calculated if the target is assumed to be a degenerate, homogeneous Fermi gas. In the limit where the projectile speed is much less than the Fermi velocity Up can be shown (see, e.g., Fermi and Teller (8.30]) that... 

There exists a number of calculations of the stopping power of negative muons on atomic hydrogen for velocities below the stopping-power maximum. They were reviewed recently by Cohen [8.36]. Unfortunately, the results of these calculations differ by orders of magnitude. According to Cohen... 

SBA-15 nitrate frequency of 2.45 GHz and power maximum temperature of about up to 60wt% LaCoOs peros kites,... 

FIGURE 39.7 Zinc/bromine battery peak power for NH4Q supporting ( ) and unsuppoted ( ) electrolyte. Peak power—maximum power that can be achieved for 20 s. 80% electrolyte utilization 30X 90-mAh/cm zinc loading. (Courtesy of Johnson Controls Battery Group, Inc.)... 

No difficulty seems to be expected from heat transfer for the same power (maximum conductivity integral "42 W/cm), provided that the exit quality is low enough (<15 ). 

Cladding Fuel element Fuel rod diameter Maximum linear power Maximum heat flux Core length Core diameter... 

More essential is the dynamical polarization of the 4d. shell by the incoming photon. Therefore the self-consistent field acting upon outer electrons becomes time-dependent, and easily ionizes them. As a result the single charge ion yield has a powerful maximum of collective nature in the 4d-threshold region. The double electron ionization cross section also increases, even below the 4d-threshold, which may be explained by dynamical polarization of the 4d subshell. ... 

The "up/down" RPAE version was applied also to Eu l. in the sequence Xe, Cs, Ba, La and then to Eu a powerful maximum dominates the experimental cross section which is explained as 4d1 -subshell ionization in Xe, Cs, Ba and to our opinion - in La. The nature of this maximum in Eu is quite different - it is a. result of very fast autoionization of 4d 4f level into outer shell continue. 

Figure 2.112 shows an example of the relationship between the allowable maximum power, maximum linear heat generation rate at normal operation, and the peak pellet bumup. It is obtained for a power rise rate of 1% Pq/s (Po peak power at normal operation). It shows that the allowable power is lower for high power fuel with high peak pellet bumup than low power fuel with low peak pellet bumup. 

Power, maximum power normalized to the cathode area (W/m )... 

To be competitive, the fuel cells need further technicaFeconomical optimisation. Innovative applications with additional customer benefits have to be identified. On the one hand very few testing standards exist, and on the other hand product characteristics such as power, maximum efficiency or lifetime can be tweaked by varying numerous different product parameters such as fuel composition, fuel utilisation, gas pressure, current/voltage ratio or even materials and... 

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