Broad-leafed plants

Ground covers in banana plantations are favorable for retention of moisture. A desirable ground cover consists of broad-leafed plants, but grasses predominate in many areas. Chemical control of grasses is not favored because banana plants are sensitive to chemicals, so the areas are hand chopped at frequent intervals. The banana plant is a rapid growing, highly succulent, perennial herb that is easily damaged with as little as 7.5 pounds of CMU [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea] per acre applied in a semicircular strip within 2 feet of the plant. This plant is sensitive to 2,4-D and can be injured by low concentrations. 

In contrast to the broad-spectrum herbicides, others are more selective. The phenoxy herbicides, which include chemicals such as 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and MCPA, are toxic to broad-leaf plants but do not affect narrow-leaf plants such as grasses. 

Compounds li, 11, Im, and In failed to show any herbiddal activity when tested in standard herbicide screens in the glass house. The remaining compounds showed similar activity as the natural products dealanylascamycin, la, and ascamycin, lb. They exhibited only weak to moderate activity post-emergence and were usually more active against broad leaf plants than grasses (Table 3). 

Symptoms of acute sulfuric acid aerosol injury. Typical symptoms of short te m, single exposure sulfuric acid aerosol injury (about 100 mg m x 8 hours) is very similar to that caused by gaseous fluoride on broad leafed plants and consists of marginal and tip necrosis (Figures lA and IB). All plant species examined developed similar symptoms and they appeared to vary, only in degree, based upon species and plant sensitivity. Microscopic injury from sulfuric acid aerosol was found t be similar to that caused by simulated acidic precipitation. Guard cells and epidermal cells appeared shrunken and collapsed. 

D and related phenoxyalkanoic herbicides are highly effective against broad leafed plants and have found application under a wide variety of situations m weed control in lawns, gardens, cereal crops, and pastures to defoliants in forestry and warfore. In the early 1980 s, production of 2,4-D in USA alone was approximately 13 million pounds per year. The fact that large quantities of 2,4-D and its related herbicides are manufactiued and applied each year, necessitates the impmtance of... 

Amaranth and buckwheat are two other commodities that are used as a main ingredient of some types of foods. Both are broad-leafed plants, and not true cereals. Amaranth belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and buckwheat to the Polygonaceae. 

Acute S02 injury on broad-leaved plants may develop marginal or intracostal necrotic areas. Tissue along either side of the major veins is usually not affected, making the veins stand out clearly on the ivory-colored, necrotic background. Sulfur dioxide will react with water after entering leaf tissue to form sulfite ions which are subsequently slowly oxidized to sulfate. Both sulfite and sulfate ions are toxic to plant cells, but the former is reported to be as much as 30 times more toxic than the latter (16). 

Molinate is a selective thiocarbamate herbicide used to control broad-leaf and grassy plants primarily in rice production. Molinate is available in granular and emulsifiable liquid formulations. Recently, US manufacturers of molinate have requested voluntary cancellation of all uses of molinate by 2009. 

The physical properties of wood-chip of used timber crushed by a hammer-type crusher were investigated. The samples of wood-chip were taken from five by-product treatment plants in Kanto area. Table 1 shows the physical properties of the wood-chip mentioned above. In the table, the sorts of timber for the industrial raw materials were conifer trees e.g. Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, pine and Japanese beech. The wood-chip for fuel were mixed of conifer trees and broad-leafed trees. Photo. 1 shows the sample of wood-chip used for this experiment. 

Furthermore, it has been shown that hypericin/pseudohypericin content in the plant undergoes seasonal variations in the broad leaf biotype of H. perforatum, the amount of hypericins varied from a winter minimum of less than 100 ppm to a summer maximum of about 3000 ppm. In contrast, the narrow leaf variety increased its content of hypericins from similar winter values to summer maxima of almost 5000 ppm [22,40,41],... 

EVANS We think that there s much more runoff on monocot leaves such as Tradescantia because they re usually in a much more vertical position. When a leaf, such as on Trad, droops, rainwater starts to drip right away. In expanded leaves of broad-leaved-plants, the leaves are more horizontal and the rain could pool in more areas. We ve also found that the cuticle is fairly thick on Tradescantia. 

Herbicides are effective. If the plant is growing in your lawn, use repeated applications of a 2-4D herbicide, as this kills broad-leaf weeds but not the grass. Round Up, properly applied, will kill poison ivy with one application. It has the added advantage of becoming inactive when it contacts the earth, so it does not run onto and kill nearby plants. The concentration is important, so read the directions... 

Fig. 1.8. a Kalanchoe daigremontiana (= Bryophyllum daigremontiana Berg), a typical broad-leafed CAM succulent of the Crassulaceae. b Kalanchoe tubiflora (= Bryophyllum tubiflorum). In this plant the photosynthetizing organs are represented by phyllodia... 

Drosera rotundifolia L., or round leaf sundew, is a little perennial herb that can reach 35 cm in height. The plant is found in temperate bogs and swampy areas. The leaves are simple, fleshy, broadly ovate and arranged into rosettes. The leaves are covered with sticky, shiney, red tentacles. The flowers are pink (Fig. 23). 

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