Broad-spectrum

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics. effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, also against Rickettsiae (typhus fever) and certain other organisms. 

Nelson, O.L., R.W. Krumm, R.S. Fein, D.D. Fuller, G.K. Rightmire and G.E, Ducker (1989), "A broad spectrum, non metallic additive for gasoline and diesel fuels performance in gasoline engines". SAE paper No. 89-0214, fnt. Congress, Detroit, MI. 

A different example of non-adiabatic effects is found in the absorption spectrum of pyrazine [171,172]. In this spectrum, the, Si state is a weak structured band, whereas the S2 state is an intense broad, fairly featureless band. Importantly, the fluorescence lifetime is seen fo dramatically decrease in fhe energy region of the 82 band. There is thus an efficient nonradiative relaxation path from this state, which results in the broad spectrum. Again, this is due to vibronic coupling between the two states [109,173,174]. 

These examples served to show that the Biochemical Pathways database provides a rich source of information on these all important reactions that determine the transformation of nutrients into the broad spectrum of compounds contained in living species and the concomitant production of energy to keep these processes going. 

Tetracyclines are produced by various Streptomyces strains and are extensively applied in human and veterinary medicine. They display a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in combination with low toxicity and can be applied orally. The most commonly prescribed tetracycline drugs are tetracycline itself and oxytetracycline, an oxygenated derivative, which are directly isolated from fermentation liquors, and doxycycline whose partial synthesis from oxy-... 

However, moxalactam is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of P-lactamases owiag to the effect of the 7a-methoxy group (194,195). 

The uses for chlorine dioxide take advantage of the high oxidising power and broad-spectrum disinfection capabiUty. 

Before the discovery of streptomycin, pyrazinamide (126) was one of the front runners in the treatment of tuberculosis. A broad spectrum of biological activity has been associated with pyrazine derivatives, ranging from the herbicidal activity of (127) to antibiotic activity... 

Haloisoxazolylureas have acardicidal and insecticidal properties 76JAP(K)7659858 and isoxazoles with a phosphorothiolate functionality are broad spectrum insecticides <80USP4212861, 78USP4104375, 78JAP(K)7825566>. 

The antitumor activity displayed by the mitosanes and many synthetic aziridines stems from their ability to act as alkylating agents which chemically modify (crosslink) DNA. For this reason, a large number have been screened for antitumor activity, the mechanism of which has been the subject of considerable research effort <75CJC289l). An excellent account of the broad spectrum of biological properties of a multitude of compounds containing the aziridinyl moiety has been published [Pg.93]

No membrane and no set of membrane properties has universal apphcability. Manufacturers who service multiple applications have a variety of commercial membranes. One firm hsts twenty different membranes having a broad spectrum of properties. 

The successful application of heterocyclic compounds in these and many other ways, and their appeal as materials in applied chemistry and in more fundamental and theoretical studies, stems from their very complexity this ensures a virtually limitless series of structurally novel compounds with a wide range of physical, chemical and biological properties, spanning a broad spectrum of reactivity and stability. Another consequence of their varied chemical reactivity, including the possible destruction of the heterocyclic ring, is their increasing use in the synthesis of specifically functionalized non-heterocyclic structures. 

The forest products industry encompasses a broad spectrum of operations which range from the raismg of trees, through cutting and removing the timber, to complete utilization of the wood residue (17). 

The range of blends now available comprises a broad spectrum of materials superior in many respects, particularly heat deformation resistance, to the general purpose thermoplastics but at a lower price than the more heat-resistant materials such as the polycarbonates, polyphenylene sulphides and polysulphones. At the present time the materials that come closest to them in properties are the ABS/ polycarbonate blends. Some typical properties are given in Table 21.1. 

One classification is of special importance there is a small minority of materials journals that can be described as broad-spectrum, compared with a much larger number which are specialised to a greater or lesser degree. Probably the first broad-... 

Another journal. Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), was started by another commercial publisher at about the same time as JMS. This had only one editor, a metallurgist, from the start, and so in spite of its stated objectives, it remained almost wholly metallurgical for many years. When eventually it became broader under a new editor, it was split into several independent journals with distinct editorial boards, each of them relatively broad-spectrum - in particular, one devoted to functional materials, and another to biomimetics. The main MSE remained in being, and has remained largely metallurgical after 35 years. 

The MRS archival journal. Journal of Materials Research, already mentioned, is another broad-spectrum journal that has worked well, except for its limited polymer content. Here again, the principle of multiple editorship seems to have been an important component of success. 

An interesting, broad-spectrum journal founded in 1997 by Roy is Materials Research Innovations., one of its objectives is to bypass normal methods of editorial scrutiny submitting authors who have published a sufficient number of papers in other, peer-reviewed, journals are assumed, in effect, to have reviewed themselves. 

Reducing agents present similar problems. They react with a broad spectrum of chemical classes, and the reactions can be exothermic and violent. Reducing agents are, by definition, highly oxidizable and may react with air or moisture in the air. Common reducing agents include ... 

Folic acid is detected by irradiating the chromatogram with broad-spectrum UV light for 30 min before reaction with Bratton-Marshall reagent (detection limit 200ng)[12]. 

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