Battery limits investments

For each product examined, these chapters111 give the description of the main industrial methods of production, and their prindpal technical and economic characteristics battery limits investments at a given date, material balance, utilities consumption, shift labor. To derive an opinion of the scale of the markets, the most important uses are also discussed, usually with details about production, capacity and consumption in different countries or groups of countries at a given date. 

The investment figures given in the different chapters represent the cost of the facilities at the so-called battery limits, of which the following are  

They correspond to mid-1986 for an installation with a given production capacity, located in France. 

These investments are average values which may deviate by 10 to 20 per cent, or even more, from those pertaining to real cases, for which the specific circumstances of establishment are taken into consideration. This means that, although they, as well as the other economic characteristics quoted, result from a critical statistical compilation based on data from various sources (proposals, evaluations, publications) and hence offer a correct assessment of the economic value of the processes at a given time, for typical service conditions, the comparisons between technologies which may be inferred should not be used to discard any given industrial application, but merely to spotlight certain trends. 

Indeed, an apparently disadvantaged technique could benefit from specific considerations (adaptation to available feedstock, product quality, financial conditions of a project) to offset an economic inferiority in relation to the competition. 

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The battery limits investment may be estimated by applying installation factors to the cost of individual items of equipment ... 

In addition to battery limits investment, off-site investment is required. This includes all structures, equipment, and services that do not enter directly into the chemical process. Within this broad category there are two major classifications, namely, utilities and service facilities. 

Battery limits investment The battery limit is a geographic boundary that defines the manufacturing area of the process. This is that part of the manufacturing system that converts raw materials into products. It includes process equipment and buildings or structures to house it but excludes boiler-house facilities, site storage, pollution control, site infrastructure, and so on. The term battery limit... 

In addition to the investment within the battery limits, investment is also required for the structures, equipment and services outside of the battery limits that are required to make the process function. 

Plant starting requires raw materials, in particular sulphuric acid (1 360 tonnes with a price of EUR(08) 1 200 M per tonne). Battery limits investments for the chemical plant is estimated around EUR(08) 1 095 M, including tanks and sulphuric acid. 

Economics Estimated onsite battery limit investment for 1997 open shop construction at US Gulf Coast location is 1,860 per bpsd capacity. 

Economics Based on a 100,000-tpy cumene plant located in the U.S. Gulf Coast, the inside-battery-limits investment is ... 

If An is the value of the index related to year ti, the ratio of the battery limits investments of plants / of the same installation between two yean 1 and 2 will be equal to the ratio of the corresponding indexes A ... 

Battery limits investments account for only a fraction of the total amount required for the operation of an industrial installation. An evaluation calculation based on the use of an economic criterion, designed to allow an economic comparison between several processes or flow eets, hence requires the consideration of all the capital costs. 

Although they can be detennined accurately, diese other fixed assets can, as a first approximation and for most of them, be detennined from the knowledge of the battery limits investments amounts, using percentages. Thus, a typical breakdown of these costs would be as follows (Fig. 6) ... 

The investments mentioned do not indude offsites or storage facilities, which together account for 40 to 50 per cent of the battery limits investments. They are related to the complete steam cracl g unit, to the ezdusion of the treatment of the C4 cut (butadiene extraction in particular) and the Ci cut (selective hydrogenations). Hence the account for the different separations and selective hydrogenations of the C2 and C3 cuts. The consumption figures are net values. Residual combustible gases are presumed to be... 

Steam cbaciuno. oistiubution of battery limits investments... 

Steam atAcnsa battery limits investments, relatt b / mounts... 

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