Antibacterial drugs broad-spectrum

There are several methods of preparation of antibacterial quinolones, drugs widely used in the therapy of various bacterial diseases. The most general method is based on the nucleophilic cyclization of 2-halobenzoyl derivatives 402, leading to the key intermediates 403. The methodology is exemplified in Scheme 63 by the synthesis of a broad-spectrum drug ciprofloxacin... 

In order to overcome the limitations of the above drugs, a series of rifamycin derivatives with improved pharmacokinetic (i.e. virtually absence of GI absorption) and pharmacodynamic (i.e. with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity) properties have been synthesized at Alfa Wassermann laboratories [33]. Amongst the different molecules, the compound marked L-105 and later... 

Due to the frequent difficulty of doing cultures before giving an antibacterial drug, topical treatment often requires the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the selection of resistant strains, especially via the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials with marked systemic dif-... 

Treatment relies on the use of broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal drugs bone marrow transplant or gene therapy are possible options. The prognosis for a child with CGD is not good and many will not live beyond their mid-teens. 

Thus quinolone antibacterial agents, such as ciprofloxacin CPFX 143 [201], ofloxacin OFLX144 [202],sparfloxacin SPFX145 [203] and trovaflaxin 146 [204] are members of a major class of antibacterial drugs. These fluoroquinolones show broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and are widely used to treat patients with infections, Eq. (58). 

Rifampicin is an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of use that differs from rifamicin SV (32.7.5), which is also used in medicine as an independent drug showing high efficacy when taken internally and having a broad antibacterial spectrum of activities. 

Streptomycin possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. It is the first clinically effective drug used for treating tuberculosis. Synonyms of this drug are streptan, strepto-col, and others. 

An additional consideration is the role of excessive prescription of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the generation and proliferation of resistant organisms. While it may seem best for the individual, at the time, to prescribe the most potent, broad-spectrum, agent possible such practice is likely to disadvantage future patients and the wider community. 

Erythromycin and the other macrolides exhibit a very broad spectrum of antibacterial activities and are active against many gram-positive bacteria, as well as some gram-negative bacteria. These agents are often used as the primary or alternative drug in a variety of clinical conditions (see Table 33-5). Macrolides may be especially useful in patients who are allergic to penicillin. 

Chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a synthetically produced agent that exerts antibacterial effects similar to those of erythromycin that is, it binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibits peptide bond formation. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This drug is administered systemically to treat serious infections such as typhoid fever, Haemophilus infections such as osteomyelitis, rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and certain forms of meningitis. Chloramphenicol may also be administered topically to treat various skin, eye, and ear infections. 

---