Project development

The role that a host facility plays in an incremental development project can vary tremendously. At one extreme all production and processing support may be provided by the host (such as gas lift and water treatment). On the other hand, the host may just become a means of accessing an export pipeline (if a production and processing facility is installed on the new field). 

Initially, if operating costs can be divided based on production throughput, the satellite development project may look attractive. However, the unit costs of the declining host field will eventually exceed income and the satellite development may not be able to support the cost of maintaining the old facilities. If the old facilities can be partly decommissioned, and provision made for part of the abandonment cost, then the satellite development may still look attractive. The satellite development option should always be compared to options for independent development. 

Mark Cook is a Reservoir Engineer and Petroleum Economist. He has worked on international assignments mainly in Tanzania, Oman, the Netherlands and the UK. His main focus is in economic evaluation of field development projects, risk analysis, reservoir management and simulation. After 11 years with a multinational company he co-founded TRACS International of which he is Technical Director. 

At present time, our company is running a development project on the production technology of the MCB type X-ray tubes. The goals of this project are the improvement of the existing technology and making available new tube designs in the near future. 

A development project has been initiated with the aim of providing a radiotracer method that ultimately can be implemented as a routine calibration method for permanently installed multiphase flowmeters. The project is supported by a research grant from the Danish Ministry of Energy. 

The U.S. government, a primary sponsor of scientific and technological developments that fostered the computer and communications technologies needed by the on-line database industry, also sponsored database development projects, information usage studies, and combined computer database development—usage projects. The successors of some of these projects continue to be prominent and include DIALOG, MEDLINE, BRS, LEXIS, and the Chemical Abstracts Registry System. 

Insurance is protec tion against risk. Commercial insurance companies minimize their own risks by covering a large number of individuals against a given risk and also by offering coverage on a wide variety of different types of risk. It is frequently quite difficult to assess the probability of success of a particular research and development project. It is much easier for an insurance company to assess its probabih-ties from its casualty tables. 

As in the case of the (MSF) defined by Reiil for research and development projects, it is the respousibihty of management in a particular mauiifactiiriug company to decide on an acceptable level of (MSF) for... 

The successful accomplishment of a development project also requires cooperation between engineers and technicians in the development team and between engineers in R D, design engineering and in management. All this will require some common background, clear reporting, and much patience. 

Figure 1.1 Effect of quality loss on the profitability of a product development project...

The case studies that follow have mainly come from live product development projects in industry. Whilst not all case studies require the methodology to predict an absolute capability, a common way of applying CA is by evaluating and comparing a number of design schemes and selecting the one with the most acceptable performance measure, either estimated Cp, assembly risk or failure cost. In some cases, commercial confidence precludes the inclusion of detailed drawings of the components used in the analyses. CA has been used in industry in a number of different ways. Some of these are discussed below ... 

In the case of development projects which are on a large scale (e.g. mining or dam construction) or which cover a considerable area, ecological planning attempts to achieve integration between the project and the ecosystem. The object is to ensure not only the continued functioning of the ecosystem as a whole but also of those elements of the ecosystem which provide the development project with goods and services (e.g. fuel, raw materials and the assimilation of waste). 

Where regional development is to be undertaken it is reasonable to adopt a positive ecological approach. This can begin with the formulation of a conservation policy with specific goals. These may include the conservation of individual animal/plant species or habitat types which are threatened by development. A program of conservation projects (e.g. the setting up of national parks, country parks or natural reserves) will meet the goals. This positive approach to the ecosystem will not only benefit wildlife but will also create the opportunities for tourism and leisure, which are vital adjuncts to most development projects. 

The acceptability of some industrial and ephemeral development projects such as landfill or mineral extraction may depend upon an ability to restore the landscape after exploitation has been completed. As more rural development projects come to fruition, ecologists will become increasingly involved in resource management to ensure that yields are sustained and to avert the undesirable consequences of development. Some industrial developments and rearranged plant layout schemes will not be complicated, but when ecology studies are needed, the employment of specialist consultants is recommended. 

This is best illustrated by the following example for a rural development project. The electrical power demand is shown in Figure 15.21 and was developed from historical data generated from similar developments in other regions. The operating statistics indicated that... 

Figure 15.21 Daily load cycle for a rural development project...

This chapter summarizes climate projections presented by the recent Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the IPCC, both for the global scale and for the so-called European and Mediterranean region. Besides the IPCC projections, other results regarding the Mediterranean area will be reviewed as well. The emphasis will be mostly placed on temperature and precipitation projections, while other variables, such as wind, solar radiation, or sea level, will not be commented in depth. Some attention will be paid to methodologies used to develop projections, and the corresponding uncertainties will be commented. In general, projections will be given for the end of the current century. 

Although there are major differences between national educational systems, some broad guidelines for successful science teacher professional development, culled from a review of recent curriculum development projects (Black Atkin, 1996, pp. 146-147 VanDen Akker, 1998, pp. 443 44) can be applied to a revised curricular provision in respect of the triplet relationship. The intention must be that the perception of new curricular provision by all teachers becomes congment with the intentions, content, and processes, of the formal curriculum. The guidelines suggest that... 

The use is described of a process involving both hydrolysis and pyrolysis to recover caprolactam from nylon 6 used in carpet fibres. By means of precise temperature control and the use of a catalyst, nylon 6 can be isolated from the PP backing. The process has been developed by the National Renewable Resource Laboratory, and interest has been shown by AlliedSignal who are considering a cooperative research and development project. 

In research, many quantitative and graphical methods are used in selecting between individual compounds, either as potential library of collection members or in filtering hits. Multicriteria approaches to library design typically seek to balance diversity and likelihood of favorable properties [16]. In early screening, the rules for choices between hits are part of a research process typically applied to diverse projects, whereas at the end of the discovery process compound choice commits to starting a single development project. 

Filipovich AH, Weisdorf D, Pavletic S, et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease I. Diagnosis and staging working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005 11 945-956. 

The NDA Pipeline. The NDA Pipeline s database [94] of more than 7000 drug development projects is available as a web-delivered, searchable information service that is updated each week. A copy of the annual book, an information service from FDC... 

If Gulf s research budget is broken down another way, basic research received 8% of 30,000,000, applied research got 41%, development projects received 22%, and technical service ended up with 2%. 

Based on their corporate experience in supporting their own research and development projects as well as a number of government-sponsored activities, the development of scientific software at BBN grew out of a long history of support of a variety of scientific applications. For example, in the 1960 s, BBN developed a hospital information system for Massachusetts General Hospital which used an early minicomputer, the PDP-1, to support clinical research activities. Under the sponsorship of the National Institutes of Health, they developed a system called PROPHET (1) which provides a... 

Development Projects classified as development would include, but are not limited to, the following activities to support INDA submission ... 

Alstom, Press Releases, Alstom and Statoil to jointly develop project for chilled ammonia-based C02 capture for natural gas in Norway, http //www.alstom.com/pr corp/2007/corp/43066.EN. php languageId=EN dir=/pr corp/2007/corp/ idRubriqueCourante=15445, June 21, 2007. 

---