Imaging Microscopy

Fig. VIII-2. Scanning tunneling microscopy images illustrating the capabilities of the technique (a) a 10-nm-square scan of a silicon(lll) crystal showing defects and terraces from Ref. 21 (b) the surface of an Ag-Au alloy electrode being electrochemically roughened at 0.2 V and 2 and 42 min after reaching 0.70 V (from Ref. 22) (c) an island of CO molecules on a platinum surface formed by sliding the molecules along the surface with the STM tip (from Ref. 41).

Peachey L D, Ishikawa H and Murakami T 1996 Correlated confocal and intermediate voltage electron microscopy imaging of the same cells using sequential fluorescence labeling fixation and critical point dehydration Scanning Microsc. (SuppI) 10 237-47... 

Figure Bl.19.22. Magnetic force microscopy image of an 8 pm wide track on a magnetic disk. The bit transitions are spaced every 2 pm along the track. Arrows point to the edges of the DC-erased region. (Taken from [109], figure 7.)...

Tromp R M, Hamers R J and Demuth J E 1986 Atomic and electronic contributions to Si(111)-(7 7) scanning-tunnelling-microscopy images Rhys. Rev. B 34 1388... 

Wilson D L, Kump K S, Eppell S J and Marchant R E 1995 Morphological restoration of atomic force microscopy images Langmuir 265... 

Raza H, Pang C L, Haycock S A and Thornton G 1999 Non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging of 7102(100) surfaces Appl. Surf. Sc/. 140 271... 

Schleef D ef a/1997 Radial-histogram transform of scanning probe microscopy images Phys. Rev. B 55 2535... 

Figure 6 High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of an epitaxial thin film of Y Ba2Cu307 j, grown on LaAI03, shown in cross section. (Courtesy of T. E. MKchell, Los Alamos National Laboratory)...

Ph. Ebert, B. Engels, P. Richard, K. Schroeder, S. Bluegel, C. Domke, M. Heinrich, K. Urban. Contribution of surface resonances to scanning tunneling microscopy images (110) surfaces of III-V semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett 77 2997, 1996. 

M. Makri, C.G. Vayenas, S. Bebelis, K.H. Besocke, and C. Cavalca, Atomic Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Imaging of Pt Electrodes Intefaced with P"-A1203, Ionics 2, 248-253 (1996). 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram for the Zeiss eplfluorescence microscopy Imaging system.

Fig. 10. Optical microscopy images of xylan microcapsules produced by interfadal cross-linking polymerization with different lipophilic external phases (Nagashima et al., 2008).

FIG. 18 Scanning force microscopy images, (a) C60 transferred horizontally onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at 25 mN m. (b) 1 1 mixed film of C60 and arachidic acid transferred horizontally onto HOPG at 25 mN m. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 235. Copyright 1996 American Chemical Society.)... 

FIG. 7 Brewster-angle microscopy Image of POAS monolayer at air/water interface at pH 1 and various pressures. 

FIG. 7 Confocal laser scanning microscopy image of a fonr-layer polyelectrolyte/CdTe(S) nanocrystal shell assembled on 1.5-p,m-diameter ME particles. The polyelectrolyte film consists of two bUayers of PAH and PSS. (From Ref. 76.)... 

Figure 9.22. Scanning force microscopy images of polyethylene films formed on a model planar chromium polymerization catalyst. The small white stripes are lamellar crystals. These form the well-known spherulite superstructure upon crystallization from the...

Figure 2.4 A scanning electron microscopy image of an AFM cantilever tip covered with a thin silver film.

Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy images of gold electrodes coated by the nanostructured TMPP/C12 monolayer after the electrochemical platinum deposition. The deposition charge was 41 and 160Cm for the left and right images, respectively. (Reprinted from Ref [18], 2005, with permission from Wiley-VCH.)...

Herrero E, Leliu JM, Wieckowski A. 1999. Scanning tunneling microscopy images of ruthenium submonolayers spontaneously deposited on a Pt(lll) electrodes. Langmuir 15 4944. 

Figure 15.1 High resolution transmission electron microscopy images (HR-TEM) of 5 wt% Pd (a) and 50 wt% Pt-Ru (b) particles supported on carbon supports of the Sibunit family with surface areas of about 6m g (a) and 72m g (b). (c) Fourier-transformed image of (b). ((a) Reprinted from Pronkin et al. [2007], Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier, (b) and (c) reprinted from Gavrilov et al. [2007]—Reproduced by permission of the PCCP Owner Societies.)...

Figure 5.18 Scanning electron microscopy image of a microcantilever, electromachined into a stainless steel sheet by ultrashort voltage pulses (100 ns, 2 V, 1 MHz repetition rate) in 3 M HCI + 6 M HF. The tool electrode was a tiny loop of a 10 pm thick Pt wire. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [80].)...

Fig. 6. Scanning force microscopy image of an ultrathin film of dendrimer 23 on HOPG. The cylindrical dendrimers are grouped in domains in which they are packed parallel to each other, with a periodicity of 5.0 ( 0.5) nm. Individual chain ends can be detected at grain boundaries. The nature of the unordered features is not yet understood... 

Polymer degradation, which reflects changes in the properties of polymers due to chemical processes that occur as a function of a complex set of environmental conditions, is a challenging topic of great fundamental and technological importance. Historically, materials were used long before their properties were fully understood. In recent years, analytical tools such as microscopy, imaging, and computational techniques have made possible the determination of structural and functional details of materials, some of which are hard to obtain by other methods. 

Figure 15 Light microscopy image and Raman spectra of an inclusion in PP film. Top, white light micrograph of the inclusion in the PP film. Bottom, Raman spectra, taken at the surface of the PP film (PP) and 12 pm underneath the film surface (inclusion). The spectrum of the inclusion is compared with the reference spectrum of an additive (taken from a supplied reference sample).

---