Quantitative microscopy image analysis

Daik held microscopy 0.05-0.5 Particle 114 5 min Same as LS (Mie theory) Nominal Can detect blmodal and agglomeration. (Sui be quantitative with image analysis... 

In the present review, we will try to demonstrate that 3D microscopy has great advantages over the conventional methods to observe and analyze complex polymer structures. This review paper is organized in the following way. In Sect. 2, we briefly describe the basic principles of 3D microscopy that will be used later in this review paper. In Sect. 3, quantitative 3D image analysis for the 3D volume data on the basis of the geometry will be introduced. Section 4 is dedicated to the visualization of one of the transient... 

Scanning microscopy investigation and quantitative image analysis... 

High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM, Philips CM20, 200 kV) was applied to get structural and nanotextural information on the fibers, by imaging the profile of the aromatic carbon layers in the 002-lattice fringe mode. A carbon fiber coated with pyrolytic carbon was incorporated in epoxy resin and a transverse section obtained by ultramicrotomy was deposited on a holey carbon film. An in-house made image analysis procedure was used to get quantitative data on the composite. 

Pigment particles to be studied by electron microscopy are sometimes incorporated into ultrathin membranes. At a first glance, a quantitative image analysis of such ultrathin layers seems convenient, since it appears to reflect the distribu-... 

In contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can in skilled hands yield detailed quantitative data on pore structure, and can even provide valuable information on the wet state of resins by plunge freezing such samples and microtom-ing on a cold stage [105]. To obtain quantitative information it is necessary to use advanced image analysis methodology which is extremely powerful [106]. Unfortunately the approach is time consuming and costly and can rarely be applied routinely in morphology studies. 

We and others have based invasion assays on preformed tumor spheroids generated either in hanging drops (88) or other nonadherent systems (61). These are then transferred to matrix monolayers or embedded in Matrigel and can be analyzed qualitatively or quantitatively, usually by microscopy and image analysis (see also Chapter 16). A96- or 1,536-well spheroid-based... 

Image analysis may be applied to gold labeling in electron microscopy in order to achieve improved localization and facilitate quantitative analysis of the gold particles (24). 

Concentration profiting uses on- or in-line measurements of optical properties, typically not done for the whole volume, but along lines such as the channel cross-section (see e.g. [20]). Concentrations are accessible by photometric, electric or fluorescence measurements. Furthermore, vibrational analysis such as IR and Raman spectroscopy can be used for the same task [80,81]. Concentration profiling can also be achieved simply by gray-scale or comparable image analysis for quantitative data extraction from microscopy images of colored flows [20, 37, 68],... 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide a wealth of information about particle morphology however, it is not well suited for quantitative image analysis. 

Chems et al [18] performed a detailed quantitative analysis of CBED data for (1010) inversion domains in GaN grown on sapphire and concluded that of the various structural models tested, only the IDB model [14] was consistent with their data. High resolution electron microscopy images [16,20] also support the IDB model. Such images show a shift in intensity of lattice fringes across the (1010) plane that is consistent with the proposed model. 

Optical microscopy offers an interesting possibility to characterize the /i-phase, as a result of the differences in birefringence between the / -and a-crystals [93]. Its use will be highlighted in different sections of this manuscript. Although image analysis could provide some semi-quantitative information about the amount of the /l-fraction, the optical micrographs are generally evaluated qualitatively by the eyes of a man-of-the-art as control for the WAXS/DSC data. 

The methods that have proved effective for quantitative determination of phases in clinkers are based on light microscopy (Section 4.2.1), X-ray diffraction (Section 4.3.2) and calculation from the bulk chemical analysis. The last two of these are applicable also to cements. SEM with image analysis (Section 4.3.1) shows promise, but other methods that have been investigated, such as IR spectroscopy, appear to have little potential. Sections 4.4.2 to 4.4.5 describe a method of calculation from the bulk analysis and Section 4.4.6 compares the results of the various methods. 

Birk D. (1989) Quantitative coal mineralogy of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, by scanning electron microscopy, computerized image analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Can. J. Earth Sci. 27, 163-179. 

Microscopy can provide visual details of the membrane surface and cross-section morphology. Image analysis of micrographs can give quantitative data from these direct observations. 

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