Imaging light microscopy

Light microscopy allows, in comparison to other microscopic methods, quick, contact-free and non-destmctive access to the stmctures of materials, their surfaces and to dimensions and details of objects in the lateral size range down to about 0.2 pm. A variety of microscopes with different imaging and illumination systems has been constmcted and is conunercially available in order to satisfy special requirements. These include stereo, darkfield, polarization, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. 

Figure 15 Light microscopy image and Raman spectra of an inclusion in PP film. Top, white light micrograph of the inclusion in the PP film. Bottom, Raman spectra, taken at the surface of the PP film (PP) and 12 pm underneath the film surface (inclusion). The spectrum of the inclusion is compared with the reference spectrum of an additive (taken from a supplied reference sample).

Image obtained using conventional light microscopy... 

White, J. G., Amos, W. B. and Fordham, M. (1987). An Evaluation of Confocal Versus Conventional Imaging of Biological Structures by Fluorescence Light-Microscopy. J. Cell. Biol. 105, 41-8. 

Zimmermann, T. (2005). Spectral imaging and linear unmixing in light microscopy. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 95, 245-65. 

Cheng, P.C. and Summers, R.G. (1990). Image contrast in confocal light microscopy. In Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, J. B. Pawley (ed) pp. 179-195. Plenum Press, New York,USA. 

The axon comprises a major portion of the total volume and surface area in most neurons and may extend several thousand cell body diameters. Since the genetic material and nearly all the protein synthesis machinery are localized to the cell body, a supply line is maintained to provide structural and functional materials to sites all along the length of the axon. Insights as to how neurons accomplish this task can be obtained by real-time imaging of living axons with video-enhanced light microscopy [1] (Fig. 28-1). 

Vukjovic et al.199 recently proposed a simple, fast, sensitive, and low-cost procedure based on solid phase spectrophotometric (SPS) and multicomponent analysis by multiple linear regression (MA) to determine traces of heavy metals in pharmaceuticals. Other spectroscopic techniques employed for high-throughput pharmaceutical analysis include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS),200 201 fluorescence spectroscopy,202 204 diffusive reflectance spectroscopy,205 laser-based nephelometry,206 automated polarized light microscopy,207 and laser diffraction and image analysis.208... 

The extent of cell migration/invasion can be monitored by standard light microscopy and/or by densitometric analysis (e.g., using Image software). Normalize the extent of migration in each sample to the one of the corresponding internal control. 

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