Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy time-domain

Keywords Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Frequency domain Time-correlated single photon counting Fluorescence resonance energy transfer Protein-protein interactions... 

While publications on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) have been relatively evenly divided between time and frequency domain methods, a majority of the 10 most highly cited papers using FLIM have taken advantage of the frequency domain method [1, 2-9]. Both techniques have confronted similar challenges as they have developed and, as such, common themes may be found in both approaches to FLIM. One of the most important criteria is to retrieve the maximum information out of a FLIM... 

Lifetime imaging can be implemented both in wide field and in scanning microscopes such as confocal microscopes and two-photon excitation microscopes. The most common implementations in time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) are based on TCSPC [8, 9] and time-gating (TG) [2, 10],... 

Confocal fluorescence microscopy can be combined with time-domain and frequency-domain techniques to produce lifetime imaging (see Section 11.2.2.3). 

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